Braveheart is a 1995 American epic historical war drama film directed and co-produced by Mel Gibson, who portrays Sir William Wallace, a late-13th century Scottish warrior. The film depicts the life of Wallace leading the Scots in the First War of Scottish Independence against King Edward I of England. The film also stars Sophie Marceau, Patrick McGoohan and Catherine McCormack. The story is inspired by Blind Harry s 15th century epic poem The Actes and Deidis of the Illustre and Vallyeant Campioun Schir William Wallace and was adapted for the screen by Randall Wallace.

Development on the film initially started at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) when producer Alan Ladd Jr. picked up the project from Wallace, but when MGM was going through new management, Ladd left the studio and took the project with him. Despite initially declining, Gibson eventually decided to direct the film, as well as star as Wallace. Braveheart was filmed in Scotland and Ireland from June to October 1994 with a budget around $65–70 million. The film, which was produced by Gibson s Icon Productions and The Ladd Company, was distributed by Paramount Pictures in North America and by 20th Century Fox internationally.

Released on May 24, 1995, Braveheart was both critically and commercially successful, grossing $75.6 million in the US and $210.4 million worldwide, but received criticism for its numerous historical deviations.

Plot

In 1280, King Edward Longshanks invades and conquers Scotland following the death of Alexander III of Scotland, who left no heir to the throne. Young William Wallace witnesses Longshanks execution of several Scottish nobles, suffers the deaths of his father and brother fighting against the English, and is taken abroad on a pilgrimage throughout Europe by his paternal uncle Argyle, who has Wallace educated.

Years later, Longshanks grants his noblemen land and privileges in Scotland, including jus primae noctis. Meanwhile, a grown Wallace returns to Scotland and falls in love with his childhood friend Murron MacClannough, and the two marry in secret. Wallace rescues Murron from being raped by English soldiers, but as Wallace fights off the soldiers Murron is captured and publicly executed. In retribution, Wallace leads his clan to fight the English garrison in his hometown and sends the surviving garrison back to England with a message of rebellion for Longshanks.

Longshanks orders his son Prince Edward to stop Wallace by any means necessary while he visits the French King to secure England s alliance with France. Alongside his friend Hamish, Wallace rebels against the English, and as his legend spreads, hundreds of Scots from the surrounding clans join him. Wallace leads his army to victory at the Battle of Stirling Bridge where he decapitates the English commander Cheltham. Prince Edward fails to send reinforcements to York, enabling Wallace to sack the city, killing Longshanks nephew whose severed head is sent to the king. Wallace seeks the assistance of Robert the Bruce, the son of nobleman Robert the Elder, a contender for the Scottish crown. Robert is dominated by his leper father, who wishes to secure the Scottish throne for his son by submitting to the English. Worried by the threat of the rebellion, Longshanks sends his son s wife Isabella of France to try to negotiate with Wallace as a distraction for the landing of another invasion force in Scotland.

After meeting him in person, Isabella becomes enamored of Wallace. She warns him of the coming invasion, and Wallace implores the Scottish nobility to take immediate action to counter the threat and take back their country, asking Robert the Bruce to lead. Leading the English army himself, Longshanks confronts the Scots at Falkirk. During the battle, Scottish noblemen Mornay and Lochlan, having been bribed by Longshanks, withdraw their men, resulting in Wallace s army being routed and the death of Hamish s father, Campbell. Wallace is further betrayed when he discovers Robert the Bruce was fighting alongside Longshanks; after the battle, seeing the damage he helped do to his countrymen, Robert reprimands his father and vows never to be on the wrong side again.

Wallace kills Lochlan and Mornay for their betrayal, and wages a guerrilla war against the English assisted by Isabella, with whom he eventually has an affair. Robert sets up a meeting with Wallace in Edinburgh, but Robert s father conspires with other nobles to capture and hand over Wallace to the English. Learning of his treachery, Robert disowns and banishes his father. Isabella exacts revenge on the now terminally ill Longshanks, who can no longer speak, by telling him that his bloodline will be destroyed upon his death as she is pregnant with Wallace s child and will ensure that Prince Edward spends as short a time as possible on the throne before Wallace s child replaces him.

In London, Wallace is brought before an English magistrate, tried for high treason, and condemned to public torture and beheading. Even whilst being hanged, drawn and quartered, Wallace refuses to submit to the king. The watching crowd, deeply moved by the Scotsman s valor, begin crying for mercy on Wallace s behalf. The magistrate offers him one final chance, asking him only to utter the word, Mercy , and be granted a quick death. Wallace instead shouts, Freedom! , and his cry rings through the square, the dying Longshanks hearing it. Before being beheaded, Wallace sees a vision of Murron in the crowd, smiling at him.

In 1314, Robert, now Scotland s king, leads a Scottish army before a ceremonial line of English troops on the fields of Bannockburn, where he is supposed to formally accept English rule. Instead, he invokes Wallace s memory, imploring his men to fight with him as they did with Wallace. Hamish throws Wallace s sword point-down in front of the English army, and he and the Scots chant Wallace s name as Robert leads them into battle against the English, winning the Scots their freedom.

Cast

• Mel Gibson as William Wallace James Robinson as young William Wallace
• James Robinson as young William Wallace
• Sophie Marceau as Princess Isabella of France
• Angus Macfadyen as Robert the Bruce
• Patrick McGoohan as King Edward Longshanks
• Catherine McCormack as Murron MacClannough Mhairi Calvey as young Murron MacClannough
• Mhairi Calvey as young Murron MacClannough
• Brendan Gleeson as Hamish Andrew Weir as young Hamish
• Andrew Weir as young Hamish
• Peter Hanly as Prince Edward
• James Cosmo as Campbell
• David O Hara as Stephen of Ireland
• Ian Bannen as Bruce s father
• Seán McGinley as MacClannough
• Brian Cox as Argyle Wallace
• Sean Lawlor as Malcolm Wallace
• Sandy Nelson as John Wallace
• Stephen Billington as Phillip
• John Kavanagh as Craig
• Alun Armstrong as Mornay
• John Murtagh as Lochlan
• Tommy Flanagan as Morrison
• Donal Gibson as Stewart
• Jeanne Marine as Nicolette
• Michael Byrne as Smythe
• Malcolm Tierney as Magistrate
• Bernard Horsfall as Balliol
• Peter Mullan as Veteran
• Gerard McSorley as Cheltham
• Richard Leaf as Governor of York
• Mark Lees as Old Crippled Scotsman
• Tam White as MacGregor
• Jimmy Chisholm as Faudron
• David Gant as the Royal Magistrate

Production

Producer Alan Ladd Jr. initially had the project at MGM-Pathé Communications when he picked up the script from Wallace. When MGM was going through new management in 1993, Ladd left the studio and took some of its top properties, including Braveheart. Gibson came across the script and even though he liked it, he initially passed on it. However, the thought of it kept coming back to him and he ultimately decided to take on the project. Terry Gilliam was offered to direct the film but he declined. Gibson was initially interested in directing only and considered Brad Pitt in the role of Sir William Wallace, but Gibson reluctantly agreed to play Wallace as well.

Gibson and his production company, Icon Productions, had difficulty raising enough money for the film. Warner Bros. was willing to fund the project on the condition that Gibson sign for another Lethal Weapon sequel, which he refused. Gibson eventually gained enough financing for the film, with Paramount Pictures financing a third of the budget in exchange for North American distribution rights to the film, and 20th Century Fox putting up two-thirds of the budget in exchange for international distribution rights.

Principal photography on the film began on June 6, 1994. While the crew spent three weeks shooting on location in Scotland, the major battle scenes were shot in Ireland using members of the Irish Army Reserve as extras. To lower costs, Gibson had the same extras, up to 1,600 in some scenes, portray both armies. The reservists had been given permission to grow beards and swapped their military uniforms for medieval garb. Principal photography ended on October 28, 1994. The film was shot in the anamorphic format with Panavision C- and E-Series lenses.

Gibson had to tone down the film s battle scenes to avoid an NC-17 rating from the MPAA; the final version was rated R for brutal medieval warfare . Gibson and editor Steven Rosenblum initially had a film at 195 minutes, but Sheryl Lansing, who was the head of Paramount at the time, requested Gibson and Rosenblum to cut the film down to 177 minutes. According to Gibson in a 2016 interview with Collider, there is a four-hour version of the film and he would be interested in reassembling it if both Paramount and Fox are interested.

Soundtrack

The score was composed and conducted by James Horner and performed by the London Symphony Orchestra. It is Horner s second of three collaborations with Mel Gibson as director. The score has gone on to be one of the most commercially successful soundtracks of all time. It received considerable acclaim from film critics and audiences and was nominated for a number of awards, including the Academy Award, Saturn Award, BAFTA Award, and Golden Globe Award.

Release and reception

Braveheart premiered at the Seattle International Film Festival on May 18, 1995, and received its wide release in U.S. cinemas six days later.

Box office

On its opening weekend, Braveheart grossed $9,938,276 in the United States and $75.6 million in its box office run in the U.S. and Canada. Worldwide, the film grossed $210,409,945 and was the thirteenth-highest-grossing film of 1995.

Critical response

Braveheart earned positive reviews; critics praised Gibson s direction and performance as Wallace, the performances of its cast, and its screenplay, production values, Horner s score, Toll s cinematography, and the battle sequences. The depiction of the Battle of Stirling Bridge was listed by CNN as one of the best battles in cinema history. On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 76%, with an average score of 7.30/10, based on 85 reviews. The site s consensus states Distractingly violent and historically dodgy, Mel Gibson s Braveheart justifies its epic length by delivering enough sweeping action, drama, and romance to match its ambition. On Metacritic the film has a score of 68 out of 100 based on 20 critic reviews, indicating generally favorable reviews . Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade A- on scale of A to F.

Caryn James of The New York Times praised the film, calling it one of the most spectacular entertainments in years. Roger Ebert gave the film 3.5 stars out of four, calling it An action epic with the spirit of the Hollywood swordplay classics and the grungy ferocity of The Road Warrior. In a positive review, Gene Siskel wrote that in addition to staging battle scenes well, Gibson also manages to recreate the filth and mood of 700 years ago. Peter Travers of Rolling Stone felt that though the film dawdles a bit with the shimmery, dappled love stuff involving Wallace with a Scottish peasant and a French princess, the action will pin you to your seat.

Not all reviews were positive, Richard Schickel of Time magazine argued that everybody knows that a non-blubbering clause is standard in all movie stars contracts. Too bad there isn t one banning self-indulgence when they direct. Peter Stack of San Francisco Chronicle felt at times the film seems an obsessive ode to Mel Gibson machismo. In a 2005 poll by British film magazine Empire, Braveheart was No. 1 on their list of The Top 10 Worst Pictures to Win Best Picture Oscar . Empire readers had previously voted Braveheart the best film of 1995.

Effect on tourism

The European premiere was on September 3, 1995, in Stirling.

In 1996, the year after the film was released, the annual three-day Braveheart Conference at Stirling Castle attracted fans of Braveheart, increasing the conference s attendance to 167,000 from 66,000 in the previous year. In the following year, research on visitors to the Stirling area indicated that 55% of the visitors had seen Braveheart. Of visitors from outside Scotland, 15% of those who saw Braveheart said it influenced their decision to visit the country. Of all visitors who saw Braveheart, 39% said the film influenced in part their decision to visit Stirling, and 19% said the film was one of the main reasons for their visit. In the same year, a tourism report said that the Braveheart effect earned Scotland £7 million to £15 million in tourist revenue, and the report led to various national organizations encouraging international film productions to take place in Scotland.

The film generated huge interest in Scotland and in Scottish history, not only around the world, but also in Scotland itself. At a Braveheart Convention in 1997, held in Stirling the day after the Scottish Devolution vote and attended by 200 delegates from around the world, Braveheart author Randall Wallace, Seoras Wallace of the Wallace Clan, Scottish historian David Ross and Bláithín FitzGerald from Ireland gave lectures on various aspects of the film. Several of the actors also attended including James Robinson (Young William), Andrew Weir (Young Hamish), Julie Austin (the young bride) and Mhairi Calvey (Young Murron).

Awards and honors

Braveheart was nominated for many awards during the 1995 Oscar season, though it was not viewed by many as a major contender such as Apollo 13, Il Postino: The Postman, Leaving Las Vegas, Sense and Sensibility, and The Usual Suspects. It wasn t until after the film won the Golden Globe Award for Best Director at the 53rd Golden Globe Awards that it was viewed as a serious Oscar contender. When the nominations were announced for the 68th Academy Awards, Braveheart received ten Academy Award nominations, and a month later, won five including Best Picture, Best Director for Gibson, Best Cinematography, Best Sound Effects Editing, and Best Makeup. Braveheart became the ninth film to win Best Picture with no acting nominations and is one of only three films to win Best Picture without being nominated for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture, the other being The Shape of Water in 2017 and followed by Green Book the following year. The film also won the Writer s Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay. In 2010, the Independent Film & Television Alliance selected the film as one of the 30 Most Significant Independent Films of the last 30 years

Award	Category	Recipient(s)	Result
20/20 Awards	Best Cinematography	John Toll	Nominated
	Best Costume Design	Charles Knode	Nominated
	Best Makeup	Peter Frampton, Paul Pattison and Lois Burwell	Won
	Best Original Score	James Horner	Nominated
	Best Sound		Nominated
Academy Awards	Best Picture	Mel Gibson, Bruce Davey and Alan Ladd Jr.	Won
	Best Director	Mel Gibson	Won
	Best Screenplay – Written Directly for the Screen	Randall Wallace	Nominated
	Best Cinematography	John Toll	Won
	Best Costume Design	Charles Knode	Nominated
	Best Film Editing	Steven Rosenblum	Nominated
	Best Makeup	Peter Frampton, Paul Pattison and Lois Burwell	Won
	Best Original Dramatic Score	James Horner	Nominated
	Best Sound	Andy Nelson, Scott Millan, Anna Behlmer and Brian Simmons	Nominated
	Best Sound Effects Editing	Lon Bender and Per Hallberg	Won
American Cinema Editors Awards	Best Edited Feature Film	Steven Rosenblum	Won
American Cinema Foundation Awards	Feature Film		Won
American Society of Cinematographers Awards	Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Theatrical Releases	John Toll	Won
Awards Circuit Community Awards	Best Director	Mel Gibson	Nominated
	Best Original Screenplay	Randall Wallace	Nominated
	Best Art Direction	Thomas E. Sanders and Peter Howitt	Won
	Best Cinematography	John Toll	Nominated
	Best Costume Design	Charles Knode	Won
	Best Film Editing	Steven Rosenblum	Nominated
	Best Makeup & Hairstyling	Peter Frampton, Paul Pattison and Lois Burwell	Won
	Best Original Score	James Horner	Won
	Best Sound		Nominated
	Best Stunt Ensemble		Won
British Academy Film Awards	Best Direction	Mel Gibson	Nominated
	Best Cinematography	John Toll	Won
	Best Costume Design	Charles Knode	Won
	Best Film Music	James Horner	Nominated
	Best Makeup	Peter Frampton, Paul Pattison and Lois Burwell	Nominated
	Best Production Design	Thomas E. Sanders	Nominated
	Best Sound	Andy Nelson, Scott Millan, Anna Behlmer and Brian Simmons	Won
Camerimage	Golden Frog	John Toll	Nominated
Cinema Audio Society Awards	Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for Motion Pictures	Andy Nelson, Scott Millan, Anna Behlmer and Brian Simmons	Nominated
Cinema Writers Circle Awards	Best Foreign Film	Mel Gibson	Won
Critics Choice Awards	Best Director		Won
Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards	Best Picture		Nominated
	Best Cinematography	John Toll	Won
Directors Guild of America Awards	Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures	Mel Gibson	Nominated
Empire Awards	Best Film		Won
Flaiano Prizes	Best Foreign Actress	Catherine McCormack	Won
Golden Globe Awards	Best Motion Picture – Drama		Nominated
	Best Director – Motion Picture	Mel Gibson	Won
	Best Screenplay – Motion Picture	Randall Wallace	Nominated
	Best Original Score – Motion Picture	James Horner	Nominated
Golden Reel Awards	Best Sound Editing – Dialogue	Mark LaPointe	Won
	Best Sound Editing – Sound Effects	Lon Bender and Per Hallberg	Won
International Film Music Critics Association Awards	Best Archival Release of an Existing Score – Re-Release or Re-Recording	James Horner, Dan Goldwasser, Mike Matessino, Jim Titus and Jeff Bond	Nominated
Jupiter Awards	Best International Director	Mel Gibson	Won
Movieguide Awards	Best Movie for Mature Audiences		Won
MTV Movie Awards	Best Movie		Nominated
	Best Male Performance	Mel Gibson	Nominated
	Most Desirable Male		Nominated
	Best Action Sequence	Battle of Stirling	Nominated
National Board of Review Awards	Top Ten Films		9th Place
	Special Filmmaking Achievement	Mel Gibson	Won
Publicists Guild of America Awards	Motion Picture		Won
Saturn Awards	Best Action/Adventure Film		Nominated
	Best Costume Design	Charles Knode	Nominated
	Best Music	James Horner	Nominated
Southeastern Film Critics Association Awards	Best Picture		2nd Place
Turkish Film Critics Association Awards	Best Foreign Film		3rd Place
Writers Guild of America Awards	Best Screenplay – Written Directly for the Screenplay	Randall Wallace	Won

• AFI s 100 Years … 100 Movies – Nominated
• AFI s 100 Years … 100 Thrills – No. 91
• AFI s 100 Years…100 Heroes & Villains: William Wallace – Nominated Hero
• William Wallace – Nominated Hero
• AFI s 100 Years … 100 Movie Quotes: They may take away our lives, but they ll never take our freedom! – Nominated
• They may take away our lives, but they ll never take our freedom! – Nominated
• AFI s 100 Years of Film Scores – Nominated
• AFI s 100 Years…100 Cheers – No. 62
• AFI s 100 Years … 100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) – Nominated
• AFI s 10 Top 10 – Nominated Epic Film

Cultural effects and accusations of Anglophobia

Lin Anderson, author of Braveheart: From Hollywood To Holyrood, credits the film with playing a significant role in affecting the Scottish political landscape in the mid-to-late 1990s.

Sections of the English media accused the film of harbouring Anti-English sentiment. The Economist called it xenophobic , and John Sutherland writing in The Guardian stated that: Braveheart gave full rein to a toxic Anglophobia . In The Times, Colin McArthur said the political effects are truly pernicious. It s a xenophobic film. Ian Burrell of The Independent has said, The Braveheart phenomenon, a Hollywood-inspired rise in Scottish nationalism, has been linked to a rise in anti-English prejudice .

Wallace Monument

In 1997, a 12-foot (3.7 m), 13-tonne (13-long-ton; 14-short-ton) sandstone statue depicting Mel Gibson as William Wallace in Braveheart was placed in the car park of the Wallace Monument near Stirling, Scotland. The statue, which was the work of Tom Church, a monumental mason from Brechin, included the word Braveheart on Wallace s shield. The installation became the cause of much controversy; one local resident stated that it was wrong to desecrate the main memorial to Wallace with a lump of crap . In 1998, someone wielding a hammer vandalized the statue s face. After repairs were made, the statue was encased in a cage every night to prevent further vandalism. This only incited more calls for the statue to be removed, as it then appeared that the Gibson/Wallace figure was imprisoned. The statue was described as among the most loathed pieces of public art in Scotland . In 2008, the statue was returned to its sculptor to make room for a new visitor centre being built at the foot of the Wallace Monument.

Historical accuracy

Randall Wallace, who wrote the screenplay, has acknowledged Blind Harry s 15th-century epic poem The Acts and Deeds of Sir William Wallace, Knight of Elderslie as a major inspiration for the film. In defending his script, Randall Wallace has said, Is Blind Harry true? I don t know. I know that it spoke to my heart and that s what matters to me, that it spoke to my heart. Blind Harry s poem is not regarded as historically accurate, and although some incidents in the film that are not historically accurate are taken from Blind Harry (e.g. the hanging of Scottish nobles at the start), there are large parts that are based neither on history nor Blind Harry (e.g. Wallace s affair with Princess Isabella).

Elizabeth Ewan describes Braveheart as a film that almost totally sacrifices historical accuracy for epic adventure . It has been described as one of the most historically inaccurate modern films. Sharon Krossa noted that the film contains numerous historical inaccuracies, beginning with the wearing of belted plaid by Wallace and his men. In that period no Scots wore belted plaids (let alone kilts of any kind). Moreover, when Highlanders finally did begin wearing the belted plaid, it was not in the rather bizarre style depicted in the film . She compares the inaccuracy to a film about Colonial America showing the colonial men wearing 20th century business suits, but with the jackets worn back-to-front instead of the right way around. In a previous essay about the film, she wrote, The events aren t accurate, the dates aren t accurate, the characters aren t accurate, the names aren t accurate, the clothes aren t accurate—in short, just about nothing is accurate. The belted plaid (feileadh mór léine) was not introduced until the 16th century. Peter Traquair has referred to Wallace s farcical representation as a wild and hairy highlander painted with woad (1,000 years too late) running amok in a tartan kilt (500 years too early).

Irish historian Seán Duffy remarked that the battle of Stirling Bridge could have done with a bridge.

In 2009, the film was second on a list of most historically inaccurate movies in The Times. In the humorous non-fictional historiography An Utterly Impartial History of Britain (2007), author John O Farrell claims that Braveheart could not have been more historically inaccurate, even if a Plasticine dog had been inserted in the film and the title changed to William Wallace and Gromit .

In the DVD audio commentary of Braveheart, Mel Gibson acknowledges the historical inaccuracies but defends his choices as director, noting that the way events were portrayed in the film was much more cinematically compelling than the historical fact or conventional mythos.

Jus primae noctis

Edward Longshanks is shown invoking Jus primae noctis in the film, allowing the lord of a medieval estate to take the virginity of his serfs maiden daughters on their wedding nights. Critical medieval scholarship regards this supposed right as a myth: the simple reason why we are dealing with a myth here rests in the surprising fact that practically all writers who make any such claims have never been able or willing to cite any trustworthy source, if they have any.

Occupation and independence

The film suggests Scotland had been under English occupation for some time, at least during Wallace s childhood, and in the run-up to the Battle of Falkirk Wallace says to the younger Bruce, e ll have what none of us have ever had before, a country of our own. In fact, Scotland had been invaded by England only the year before Wallace s rebellion; prior to the death of King Alexander III it had been a fully separate kingdom.

Portrayal of William Wallace

As John Shelton Lawrence and Robert Jewett writes, Because Wallace is one of Scotland s most important national heroes and because he lived in the very distant past, much that is believed about him is probably the stuff of legend. But there is a factual strand that historians agree to , summarized from Scots scholar Matt Ewart:

Wallace was born into the gentry of Scotland; his father lived until he was 18, his mother until his 24th year; he killed the sheriff of Lanark when he was 27, apparently after the murder of his wife; he led a group of commoners against the English in a very successful battle at Stirling in 1297, temporarily receiving appointment as guardian; Wallace s reputation as a military leader was ruined in the same year of 1297, leading to his resignation as guardian; he spent several years of exile in France before being captured by the English at Glasgow, this resulting in his trial for treason and his cruel execution.

A. E. Christa Canitz writes about the historical William Wallace further: was a younger son of the Scottish gentry, usually accompanied by his own chaplain, well-educated, and eventually, having been appointed Guardian of the Kingdom of Scotland, engaged in diplomatic correspondence with the Hanseatic cities of Lübeck and Hamburg . She finds that in Braveheart, any hint of his descent from the lowland gentry (i.e., the lesser nobility) is erased, and he is presented as an economically and politically marginalized Highlander and a farmer —as one with the common peasant, and with a strong spiritual connection to the land which he is destined to liberate.

Colin McArthur writes that Braveheart constructs Wallace as a kind of modern, nationalist guerrilla leader in a period half a millennium before the appearance of nationalism on the historical stage as a concept under which disparate classes and interests might be mobilised within a nation state. Writing about Braveheart s omissions of verified historical facts , McArthur notes that Wallace made overtures to Edward I seeking less severe treatment after his defeat at Falkirk , as well as the well-documented fact of Wallace s having resorted to conscription and his willingness to hang those who refused to serve. Canitz posits that depicting such lack of class solidarity as the conscriptions and related hangings would contaminate the movie s image of Wallace as the morally irreproachable primus inter pares among his peasant fighters.

Portrayal of Isabella of France

Isabella of France is shown having an affair with Wallace after the Battle of Falkirk. She later tells Edward I she is pregnant, implying that her son, Edward III, was a product of the affair. In reality, Isabella was around three years old and living in France at the time of the Battle of Falkirk, was not married to Edward II until he was already king, and Edward III was born seven years after Wallace died. The breakdown of the couple s relationship over his liaisons, and the menacing suggestion to a dying Longshanks that she would overthrow and destroy Edward II mirror and foreshadow actual facts; although not until 1326, over 20 years after Wallace s death, Isabella, her son Edward, and her lover Roger Mortimer would invade England to depose – and later murder – Edward II.

Portrayal of Robert the Bruce

Robert the Bruce did change sides between the Scots loyalists and the English more than once in the earlier stages of the Wars of Scottish Independence, but he probably did not fight on the English side at the Battle of Falkirk (although this claim does appear in a few medieval sources). Later, the Battle of Bannockburn was not a spontaneous battle; he had already been fighting a guerrilla campaign against the English for eight years. His title before becoming king was Earl of Carrick, not Earl of Bruce. Bruce s father is portrayed as an infirm leper, although it was Bruce himself who allegedly suffered from leprosy in later life. The actual Bruce s machinations around Wallace, rather than the meek idealist in the film, suggests the father-son relationship represent different aspects of the historical Bruce s character. In the film, Bruce s father betrays Wallace to his son s disgust, acknowledging it as the price of his crown, although in real life Wallace was betrayed by the nobleman John de Menteith and delivered to the English.

Portrayal of Longshanks and Prince Edward

The actual Edward I was ruthless and temperamental, but the film exaggerates his negative aspects for effect. Edward enjoyed poetry and harp music, was a devoted and loving husband to his wife Eleanor of Castile, and as a religious man, he gave generously to charity. The film s scene where he scoffs cynically at Isabella for distributing gold to the poor after Wallace refuses it as a bribe would have been unlikely. Furthermore, Edward died on campaign two years after Wallace s execution, not in bed at his home.

The depiction of the future Edward II as an effeminate homosexual drew accusations of homophobia against Gibson.

We cut a scene out, unfortunately … where you really got to know that character and to understand his plight and his pain … But it just stopped the film in the first act so much that you thought, When s this story going to start?

Gibson defended his depiction of Prince Edward as weak and ineffectual, saying:

I m just trying to respond to history. You can cite other examples—Alexander the Great, for example, who conquered the entire world, was also a homosexual. But this story isn t about Alexander the Great. It s about Edward II.

In response to Longshanks murder of the Prince s male lover Phillip, Gibson replied: The fact that King Edward throws this character out a window has nothing to do with him being gay … He s terrible to his son, to everybody. Gibson asserted that the reason Longshanks kills his son s lover is that the king is a psychopath .

Wallace s military campaign

MacGregors from the next glen joining Wallace shortly after the action at Lanark is dubious, since it is questionable whether Clan Gregor existed at that stage, and when they did emerge their traditional home was Glen Orchy, some distance from Lanark.

Wallace did win an important victory at the Battle of Stirling Bridge, but the version in Braveheart is highly inaccurate, as it was filmed without a bridge (and without Andrew Moray, joint commander of the Scots army, who was fatally injured in the battle). Later, Wallace did carry out a large-scale raid into the north of England, but he did not get as far south as York, nor did he kill Longshanks nephew.

The Irish conscripts at the Battle of Falkirk are unhistorical; there were no Irish troops at Falkirk (although many of the English army were actually Welsh).

The two-handed long swords used by Gibson in the film were not in wide use in the period. A one-handed sword and shield would have been more accurate.

The depiction of English cavalry and infantry soldiers using uniform dress and armor is historically inaccurate. In the feudal armies of the late 13th and early 14th century, cavalry would have been made up of nobility and knights all in their self-purchased armour and displaying their coat of arms on surcoats and shields. Also the armour shown in the movie, i.e. small metal plates sewn on a fabric did not exist and would have been ineffective since it could have been easily pierced by swords, spears, arrows etc. Indeed, knights of that time period would have worn mail chausses to protect their legs, a mail hauberk over a patted gambeson to protect the upper body and arms as well as a mail coif and a great helm to protect the head. Another layer of protection, the coat-of-plates would have been worn over the hauberk, but under the surcoat. Infantry would have looked very diverse utilizing any kind of armor they could obtain and afford. The Scottish fighters would have been dressed and armed in the same way as their English opponents. Kilts appeared only in the 16th century, so two centuries after the events in the movie. However, the cavalry charge depicted at the battle of Stirling bridge (which did not take place at this battle) is a rare example where a movie maker correctly depicts the knights charging towards their enemies with laid in lances rather than drawn swords.

Home media

Braveheart was released on DVD on August 29, 2000. It was released on Blu-ray as part of the Paramount Sapphire Series on September 1, 2009. It was released on 4K UHD Blu-ray as part of the 4K upgrade of the Paramount Sapphire Series on May 15, 2018.

Sequel

On February 9, 2018, a sequel titled Robert the Bruce was announced. The film will lead directly on from Braveheart and follow the widow Moira, portrayed by Anna Hutchison, and her family (portrayed by Gabriel Bateman and Talitha Bateman), who save Robert the Bruce, with Angus Macfadyen reprising his role from Braveheart. The cast includes Jared Harris, Patrick Fugit, Zach McGowan, Emma Kenney, Diarmaid Murtagh, Seoras Wallace, Shane Coffey, Kevin McNally, and Melora Walters. Richard Gray directed the film, with Macfadyen and Eric Belgau writing the script. Helmer Gray, Macfadyen, Hutchison, Kim Barnard, Nick Farnell, Cameron Nuggent, and Andrew Curry produced the film. Filming took place in 2019 and was completed with a limited cinematic release the same year.

Year	1995
ReleaseDate	1995-05-24
RuntimeMins	178
RuntimeStr	2h 58min
Plot	Scottish warrior William Wallace leads his countrymen in a rebellion to free his homeland from the tyranny of King Edward I of England.
Awards	Top rated movie #74 , Won 5 Oscars, 33 wins & 34 nominations total
Directors	Mel Gibson
Writers	Randall Wallace
Stars	Mel Gibson, Sophie Marceau, Patrick McGoohan
Produced by	Bruce Davey,Mel Gibson,Alan Ladd Jr.,Dean Lopata,Stephen McEveety,Elisabeth Robinson
Music by	James Horner
Cinematography by	John Toll
Film Editing by	Steven Rosenblum
Casting By	Patsy Pollock
Production Design by	Thomas E. Sanders
Art Direction by	Ken Court,Nathan Crowley,Daniel T. Dorrance,John Lucas,Ned McLoughlin
Set Decoration by	Peter Howitt
Costume Design by	Charles Knode
Makeup Department	Lois Burwell,Francesca Crowder,Eileen Doyle,Anne Dunne,Peter Frampton,Jennifer Hegarty,Amanda Knight,Beryl Lerman,Sue Love,Fernandes Mendes,Maire O’Sullivan,Paul Pattison,Barry Richardson,Annie Townsend,Carole Dunne,Martina McCarthy,Kevin Murnane,Conor O’Sullivan,Tina Phelan,Sarah Pickering
Production Management	Mary Alleguen,Kevin de la Noy,Bob Dillon,Ted Morley
Second Unit Director or Assistant Director	Peter Agnew,Paul Barnes,Matt Earl Beesley,David Carrigan,Paul Gray,Kate Hazell,Patrick Kinney,Kieron Phipps,Trevor Puckle,Mic Rodgers,Charlotte Somers,David Tomblin,Jim Gorman,Kieron Phipps
Art Department	Terry Apsey,Russ Bailey,Ken Barley,Eddie Butler,Graham Caulfield,Triona Coen,Bob Douglas,Belinda Edwards,Cos Egan,Ken Ferguson,Mike Fowlie,John Graham,Jimmy Kavanagh,Michael King,Clare Langan,Owen Murnane,John New,Ron Newvell,Tony Nicholson,Padraig O’Neill,Lisa Parker,Mickey Pugh,Gerry Quigley,Anna Rackard,Brendan Rankin,Douglas Regan,Daren Reynolds,Bobby Richardson,Neil Ross,Mairead Sandford,Kenneth Stachini,Adrian Start,Dan Sweetman,Noel Walsh,Terry Wells Jr.,Jake Wells,John Wells,Terry Wells,Mickey Woolfson,Andrea Cantrell,Brian Doyle,Jane Henwood,Robert A. Kennedy,Tom Martin,Frank Matthews,Owen Monaghan,Philip Murphy,Catherine Siggins,Dicken Warner,Graham Waters
Sound Department	Christopher Assells,Karen Baker Landers,Gerry Bates,Anna Behlmer,Lon Bender,Beth Bergeron,Stuart Copely,Richard Dwan Jr.,Scott Martin Gershin,Hector C. Gika,Sarah Goldsmith,Tim Groseclose,Per Hallberg,Craig Harris,Robert Heffernan,Philip A. Hess,Hilda Hodges,Chris Hogan,Nigel Holland,Craig S. Jaeger,Randy Kelley,Lou Kleinman,Ann Elizabeth Tobin Kurtz,Mark R. La Pointe,Jeff Largent,Judson Leach,Peter J. Lehman,Horace Manzanares,Joseph A. Mayer,Scott Millan,Andy Nelson,Barry O’Sullivan,Joseph Phillips,John Pitt,Dan M. Rich,Jay B. Richardson,John Roesch,Brian Simmons,Mary Ruth Smith,Peter Michael Sullivan,Kim Waugh,Richard Dwan Jr.,Larry Hopkins,Mary Jo Lang,Anthony Miceli,John Soukup
Special Effects by	Nick Allder,Peter Ch. Arnold,Bob Bromley,Steve Crawley,Gerry Johnston,Graham Longhurst,Neil Swan,Brendan Byrne,Jamie Campbell,Dave Chagouri,Sander Ellers,Gerry Johnston
Visual Effects by	Tricia Henry Ashford,Kirk Cadrette,Marsha Gray Carrington,Aliza Corson Chameides,Michael L. Fink,Tim Guyer,Greg Kimble,Laurel Klick,Stuart McAra,Joel Merritt,Steven T Puri,Andy Rosen,Christopher Sjoholm,Amie Slate,Larry Weiss,Janet Yale,Martin Body,Stella Bogh,Noel Donnellon,José Granell,Pete Hanson,Christer Hokanson,J.W. Kompare,Brendan Lonergan,Joe Pavlo,Linda Renaud,Marc Rubone,Janek Sirrs,Eric Withee
Stunts	Brian Bowes,Stuart Clark,Simon Crane,David Cronnelly,Gabe Cronnelly,Graeme Crowther,Tom Delmar,Jamie Edgell,Terry Forrestal,Steve Griffin,Luis M. Gutiérrez Santos,Paul Heasman,Mark Henson,Dominick Hewitt,Paul Jennings,Tim Lawrence,Phil Lonergan,Sean McCabe,Donal O’Farrell,Peter Pedrero,Gary Powell,Mic Rodgers,Mark Southworth,Julian Spencer,Tom Struthers,Alan Walsh,Lucy Allen,Shifuji Shaurya Bharadwaj,Peter Brace,Helen Caldwell,Marc Cass,Abbi Collins,Scott Cowan,Simon Crane,Steve Crawley,Ricardo Cruz,Lyndon S. Hellewell,Nick Hobbs,Sy Hollands,Jody Kreinbrink,Pat Larkin,Bill Little,Tom Lucy,Rick Manning,Tina Maskell,Mike Mitchell,Peter Munt,Ray Nicholas,Andreas Petrides,Nick Popplewell,Nick Powell,Mic Rodgers,Kiran Shah
Camera and Electrical Department	Garret Baldwin,Klemens Becker,Adam Biddle,Alan Butler,Ken Byrne,John Clothier,Eddie Collins,John Conroy,Louis Conroy,Andrew Cooper,Noel Cullen,Gerard Donnelly,Bill Dowling,John Dunne,David Durnay,Mark ‘Rocky’ Evans,Shaun Evans,Chuck Finch,Stephen Finch,Jo Gibney,Alan Grosch,Graham Hall,Bobby Huber,Ciaran Kavanagh,Philip Kenyon,James McGuire,Ray McHugh,Billy Merrell,Sascha Mieke,Terry Mulligan,John Murphy,Philip Murphy,Jimmy O’Meara,Ricky Pattenden,Jim Plannette,Luke Quigley,Robbie Reilly,David Rist,Brian Sheridan,Raymond Stella,Anthony Swan,Toby Tyler,Stewart Whelan,Steve Brooke Smith,Donal Caulfield,Tim Fleming,William Louthe,Tom Maslen,Vic Purcell,Malcolm Sheehan,Simon Werry
Casting Department	Anne Campbell,Leo Davis,Julia Duff,Manus Hingerty,Jina Jay,Georgina O’Connor
Costume and Wardrobe Department	Michael Barber,Al Barnett,Russell Barnett,Paul Colford,Sheila Cullen,Frances Hill,Justine Luxton,Rhona McGuirke,Penny McVitie,Mathilde Sandberg,David Whiteing,Allison Wyldeck,Helen Christie,John Cowell,Elvis Davis,Peter Edmonds,Edwin Francis,Lindy Gander,Alan Murphy,Philip Rainforth,William Steggle,Adam H Stewart,SJ Teasdale
Editorial Department	Gary Burritt,Victor Du Bois,Terry Haggar,Sheila MacDowell,Paul Martinez,Pablo Prietto,Paula Suhy,Cynthia E. Thornton,Paul Topping,Matthew Tucker,Laura Yanovich,Ben Yeates,William Yeh,Gillian L. Hutshing,Jim Suhy
Location Management	Frances Byrne,Dougal Cousins,Andrew Hegarty,John McDonnell,Christian McWilliams,Grania O’Shannon,Paul Shersby
Music Department	Christine Cholvin,Paul Edmund-Davies,Jim Henrikson,Tony Hinnigan,James Horner,Shawn Murphy,Eric Rigler,Hugh Seenan,Mike Taylor,Ian Underwood,Craig Braginsky,Tom Brown,Denise Carver,Eric Crees,Dennis Dreith,Dan Goldwasser,James Horner,London Symphony Orchestra,Lee Scott,Andrew Silver
Script and Continuity Department	Sally Jones,Kate Pakenham,Anna Worley
Transportation Department	Bryan Baverstock,Fred Chiverton,Peter Devlin,Gerry Fearon,Willie Fonfe,Bob ‘Heart Attack’ Lilley,Mark White,Peter Doyle,Michael Murphy,Andrew Simpson,Andy Thomson
Additional Crew	Martin Adams,Emma Angel,Simon Atherton,Sean Barrett,Eric Bastin,Graeme Bird,Marilyn Clarke,Jennifer Collen-Smith,Kyle Cooper,Daisy Cummins,Geraldine Daly,Glenn Delaney,Paul Delaney,Romek Delmata,Anna Dolan,Kathy Ewings,Anne Farnsworth,Sheila Farrell,David Flynn,Alex Gladstone,Melanie Gore-Grimes,Peter D. Graves,Adam Green,Claire Higgins,Liz Kenny,Claire Litchfield,Bernie McEnroe,Sarah Millar,Barbara Mulcahy,Robert Norett,Gabriel O’Brien,Maria O’Connor,John Pilgrim,Nick Powell,Tasmia Power,Lyndy Rist,Clare Scully,Tony Smart,Donna Stewart,Elizabeth Stuart-Smith,Samantha Thomas,Clodagh Tierney,Fiona Traynor,Robert ‘Trenchy Ol’ Boy’ Trench,Jane Trower,Paul Tucker,Bonnie F. Watkins,Julia Wilson Dickson,Tyler Atkinson,Robin Demetriou,Jeffrey S. Edell,Greg Ferris,Chris Silver Finigan,Antaine Furlong,Dylan Jones,Una Kavanagh,Jody Kreinbrink,Justin Kreinbrink,Alan Ladd Jr.,Paddy McCarney,Thomas B. McGrath,Brian ‘Joker’ Mulvey,Steven T Puri,Immanuel Spira,Jonathan Weissler,Geraldine Whelan
Thanks	Vicki Christianson,Marion Dougherty,Dana Ginsburg,Morgan O’Sullivan,Nigel Sinclair,H. Craig Wallace,Pamela Wallace,Seoras Wallace,Peter Young
Genres	Biography, Drama, History
Companies	Icon Entertainment International, The Ladd Company, B.H. Finance C.V.
Countries	USA
Languages	English, French, Latin, Gaelic, Italian
ContentRating	R
ImDbRating	8.4
ImDbRatingVotes	1028953
MetacriticRating	68
Keywords	scotland,revolt,legend,england,idealism