Avatar (also marketed as James Cameron s Avatar) is a 2009 American epic science fiction film directed, written, produced, and co-edited by James Cameron and starring Sam Worthington, Zoe Saldana, Stephen Lang, Michelle Rodriguez, and Sigourney Weaver. It is set in the mid-22nd century when humans are colonizing Pandora, a lush habitable moon of a gas giant in the Alpha Centauri star system, in order to mine the valuable mineral unobtanium. The expansion of the mining colony threatens the continued existence of a local tribe of Na vi – a humanoid species indigenous to Pandora. The film s title refers to a genetically engineered Na vi body operated from the brain of a remotely located human that is used to interact with the natives of Pandora.

Development of Avatar began in 1994, when Cameron wrote an 80-page treatment for the film. Filming was supposed to take place after the completion of Cameron s 1997 film Titanic, for a planned release in 1999; however, according to Cameron, the necessary technology was not yet available to achieve his vision of the film. Work on the language of the Na vi began in 2005, and Cameron began developing the screenplay and fictional universe in early 2006. Avatar was officially budgeted at $237 million, due to a groundbreaking array of new visual effects Cameron achieved in cooperation with Weta Digital in Wellington. Other estimates put the cost between $280 million and $310 million for production and at $150 million for promotion. The film made extensive use of new motion capture filming techniques and was released for traditional viewing, 3D viewing (using the RealD 3D, Dolby 3D, XpanD 3D, and IMAX 3D formats), and 4D experiences in selected South Korean theaters.

Avatar premiered in London on December 10, 2009, and was released in the United States on December 18 to positive reviews, with critics highly praising its groundbreaking visual effects. During its theatrical run, the film broke several box office records and became the highest-grossing film at the time, as well as in the United States and Canada, surpassing Cameron s Titanic, which had held those records for twelve years. Avatar remained the highest-grossing film in the world for nearly a decade until it was overtaken by Avengers: Endgame in 2019, but a Chinese re-release of Avatar led to the film retaking the worldwide top spot in March 2021, where it has been ever since. Adjusted for inflation, Avatar is the second highest-grossing movie of all time after Gone with the Wind with a total of more than $3 billion. It also became the first film to gross more than $2 billion and the best-selling video title of 2010 in the United States. Avatar was nominated for nine Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director, and won three, for Best Art Direction, Best Cinematography, and Best Visual Effects. The success of the film also led to electronics manufacturers releasing 3D televisions and caused 3D films to increase in popularity.

Following the film s success, Cameron signed with 20th Century Fox to produce four sequels: Avatar: The Way of Water and Avatar 3 have completed principal filming, and are scheduled to be released on December 16, 2022, and December 20, 2024, respectively; subsequent sequels are scheduled to be released on December 18, 2026, and December 22, 2028. Several cast members are expected to return, including Worthington, Saldana, Lang, and Weaver.

Plot

In 2154, Earth s natural resources have been depleted. The Resources Development Administration (RDA) mines the valuable mineral unobtanium on Pandora, a moon in the Alpha Centauri star system. Pandora, whose atmosphere is poisonous to humans, is inhabited by the Na vi, 10-foot-tall (3.0 m), blue-skinned, sapient humanoids that live in harmony with nature. To explore Pandora, genetically matched human scientists use Na vi-human hybrids called avatars . Paraplegic Marine Jake Sully replaces his deceased identical twin as an operator. Avatar Program head Dr. Grace Augustine considers Sully inadequate but accepts him as a bodyguard.

While escorting the avatars of Grace and Dr. Norm Spellman, Jake s avatar is attacked by Pandoran wildlife and he flees into the forest, where he is rescued by female Na vi Neytiri. Witnessing an auspicious sign, she takes him to her clan. Neytiri s mother Mo at, the clan s spiritual leader, orders her daughter to initiate Jake into their society. Colonel Miles Quaritch, head of RDA s security force, promises Jake the company will restore his legs if he provides information about the Na vi and their gathering place, the giant Hometree, under which is a rich deposit of unobtanium. Learning of this, Grace transfers herself, Jake, and Norm to an outpost. Jake and Neytiri fall in love as Jake is initiated into the tribe. He and Neytiri choose each other as mates. When Jake attempts to disable a bulldozer which is threatening a sacred Na vi site, Administrator Parker Selfridge orders Hometree destroyed. Despite Grace s argument that destroying Hometree could damage Pandora s biological neural network, Selfridge gives Jake and Grace one hour to convince the Na vi to evacuate.

Jake confesses that he was a spy and the Na vi take him and Grace captive. Quaritch s men destroy Hometree, killing many including Neytiri s father, the clan chief. Mo at frees Jake and Grace, but they are detached from their avatars and imprisoned by Quaritch s forces. Pilot Trudy Chacón, disgusted by Quaritch s brutality, airlifts Jake, Grace, and Norm to Grace s outpost. Grace is shot during the escape. Jake regains the Na vi s trust by connecting his mind to that of Toruk, a dragon-like creature feared and revered by the Na vi. At the sacred Tree of Souls Jake pleads with Mo at to heal Grace. The clan attempts to transfer Grace into her avatar with the aid of the Tree of Souls but she dies. Supported by new chief Tsu tey, Jake unites the clan, telling them to gather all the clans to battle the RDA. Quaritch organizes a strike against the Tree of Souls to demoralize the Na vi. Jake prays to Na vi deity Eywa via a neural connection with the Tree of Souls. Tsu tey and Trudy are among the battle s heavy casualties.

The Na vi are rescued when Pandoran wildlife unexpectedly join the attack and overwhelm the humans, which Neytiri interprets as Eywa answering Jake s prayer. Quaritch, wearing an AMP suit, escapes his crashed aircraft and breaks open the avatar link unit containing Jake s human body, exposing it to Pandora s poisonous atmosphere. As Quaritch prepares to slit Jake s avatar s throat, he is killed by Neytiri who saves Jake from suffocation, seeing his human form for the first time. With the exceptions of Jake, Norm, and a select few others, all humans are expelled from Pandora. Jake is permanently transferred into his avatar with the aid of the Tree of Souls.

Cast

Humans

• Sam Worthington as Jake Sully, a disabled former Marine who becomes part of the Avatar Program after his twin brother is killed. His military background helps the Na vi warriors relate to him. Cameron cast the Australian actor after a worldwide search for promising young actors, preferring relative unknowns to keep the budget down. Worthington, who was living in his car at the time, auditioned twice early in development, and he has signed on for possible sequels. Cameron felt that because Worthington had not done a major film, he would give the character a quality that is really real . Cameron said he has that quality of being a guy you d want to have a beer with, and he ultimately becomes a leader who transforms the world . Worthington also briefly appears as Jake s deceased identical twin, Tommy. Cameron offered the role to Matt Damon, with a 10% stake in the film s profits, but Damon turned the film down because of his commitment to the Bourne film series.
• Stephen Lang as Colonel Miles Quaritch, the head of the mining operation s security detail. Fiercely consistent in his disregard for any life not recognized as human, he has a profound disregard for Pandora s inhabitants that is evident in both his actions and his language. Lang had unsuccessfully auditioned for a role in Cameron s Aliens (1986), but the director remembered Lang and sought him for Avatar. Michael Biehn, who had worked with Cameron in Aliens, The Terminator and Terminator 2: Judgment Day, was briefly considered for the role. He read the script and watched some of the 3-D footage with Cameron but was ultimately not cast.
• Sigourney Weaver as Dr. Grace Augustine, an exobiologist and head of the Avatar Program. She is also Sully s mentor and an advocate of peaceful relations with the Na vi, having set up a school to teach them English.
• Michelle Rodriguez as Trudy Chacón, a combat pilot assigned to support the Avatar Program who is sympathetic to the Na vi. Cameron had wanted to work with Rodriguez since seeing her in Girlfight.
• Giovanni Ribisi as Parker Selfridge, the corporate administrator for the RDA mining operation. While he is at first willing to destroy the Na vi civilization to preserve the company s bottom line, he is reluctant to authorize the attacks on the Na vi and taint his image, doing so only after Quaritch persuades him that it is necessary and that the attacks will be humane. When the attacks are broadcast to the base, Selfridge displays discomfort at the violence.
• Joel David Moore as Dr. Norm Spellman, a xenoanthropologist who studies plant and animal life as part of the Avatar Program. He arrives on Pandora at the same time as Jake and operates an avatar. Although he is expected to lead the diplomatic contact with the Na vi, it turns out that Jake has the personality better suited to win the natives respect.
• Dileep Rao as Dr. Max Patel, a scientist who works in the Avatar Program and comes to support Jake s rebellion against the RDA

Na vi

• Zoe Saldana as Neytiri, the daughter of the leaders of the Omaticaya (the Na vi clan central to the story). She is attracted to Jake because of his bravery, though frustrated with him for what she sees as his naiveté and stupidity. She serves as Jake s love interest. The character, like all the Na vi, was created using performance capture, and its visual aspect is entirely computer generated. Saldana has also signed on for potential sequels.
• CCH Pounder as Mo at, the Omaticaya s spiritual leader, Neytiri s mother, and consort to clan leader Eytukan.
• Wes Studi as Eytukan, the Omaticaya s clan leader, Neytiri s father, and Mo at s mate.
• Laz Alonso as Tsu tey, the finest warrior of the Omaticaya. He is heir to the chieftainship of the tribe. At the beginning of the film s story, he is betrothed to Neytiri.

Production

Origins

In 1994, director James Cameron wrote an 80-page treatment for Avatar, drawing inspiration from every single science fiction book he had read in his childhood as well as from adventure novels by Edgar Rice Burroughs and H. Rider Haggard. In August 1996, Cameron announced that after completing Titanic, he would film Avatar, which would make use of synthetic, or computer-generated, actors. The project would cost $100 million and involve at least six actors in leading roles who appear to be real but do not exist in the physical world . Visual effects house Digital Domain, with whom Cameron has a partnership, joined the project, which was supposed to begin production in mid-1997 for a 1999 release. However, Cameron felt that the technology had not caught up with the story and vision that he intended to tell. He decided to concentrate on making documentaries and refining the technology for the next few years. It was revealed in a Bloomberg BusinessWeek cover story that 20th Century Fox had fronted $10 million to Cameron to film a proof-of-concept clip for Avatar, which he showed to Fox executives in October 2005.

In February 2006, Cameron revealed that his film Project 880 was a retooled version of Avatar , a film that he had tried to make years earlier, citing the technological advances in the creation of the computer-generated characters Gollum, King Kong, and Davy Jones. Cameron had chosen Avatar over his project Battle Angel after completing a five-day camera test in the previous year.

Development

From January to April 2006, Cameron worked on the script and developed a culture for the film s aliens, the Na vi. Their language was created by Dr. Paul Frommer, a linguist at USC. The Na vi language has a lexicon of about 1000 words, with some 30 added by Cameron. The tongue s phonemes include ejective consonants (such as the kx in skxawng ) that are found in Amharic, and the initial ng that Cameron may have taken from Te Reo Māori. Actress Sigourney Weaver and the film s set designers met with Jodie S. Holt, professor of plant physiology at University of California, Riverside, to learn about the methods used by botanists to study and sample plants, and to discuss ways to explain the communication between Pandora s organisms depicted in the film.

From 2005 to 2007, Cameron worked with a handful of designers, including famed fantasy illustrator Wayne Barlowe and renowned concept artist Jordu Schell, to shape the design of the Na vi with paintings and physical sculptures when Cameron felt that 3-D brush renderings were not capturing his vision, often working together in the kitchen of Cameron s Malibu home. In July 2006, Cameron announced that he would film Avatar for a mid-2008 release and planned to begin principal photography with an established cast by February 2007. The following August, the visual effects studio Weta Digital signed on to help Cameron produce Avatar. Stan Winston, who had collaborated with Cameron in the past, joined Avatar to help with the film s designs. Production design for the film took several years. The film had two different production designers, and two separate art departments, one of which focused on the flora and fauna of Pandora, and another that created human machines and human factors. In September 2006, Cameron was announced to be using his own Reality Camera System to film in 3-D. The system would use two high-definition cameras in a single camera body to create depth perception.

While these preparations were underway, Fox kept wavering in its commitment to Avatar because of its painful experience with cost overruns and delays on Cameron s previous picture, Titanic, even though Cameron rewrote the script to combine several characters together and offered to cut his fee in case the film flopped. Cameron installed a traffic light with the amber signal lit outside of co-producer Jon Landau s office to represent the film s uncertain future. In mid-2006, Fox told Cameron in no uncertain terms that they were passing on this film, so he began shopping it around to other studios and approached Walt Disney Studios, showing his proof of concept to then chairman Dick Cook. However, when Disney attempted to take over, Fox exercised its right of first refusal. In October 2006, Fox finally agreed to commit to making Avatar after Ingenious Media agreed to back the film, which reduced Fox s financial exposure to less than half of the film s official $237 million budget. After Fox accepted Avatar, one skeptical Fox executive shook his head and told Cameron and Landau, I don t know if we re crazier for letting you do this, or if you re crazier for thinking you can do this …

In December 2006, Cameron described Avatar as a futuristic tale set on a planet 200 years hence … an old-fashioned jungle adventure with an environmental conscience aspires to a mythic level of storytelling . The January 2007 press release described the film as an emotional journey of redemption and revolution and said the story is of a wounded former Marine, thrust unwillingly into an effort to settle and exploit an exotic planet rich in biodiversity, who eventually crosses over to lead the indigenous race in a battle for survival . The story would be of an entire world complete with an ecosystem of phantasmagorical plants and creatures, and native people with a rich culture and language.

Estimates put the cost of the film at about $280–310 million to produce and an estimated $150 million for marketing, noting that about $30 million in tax credits would lessen the financial impact on the studio and its financiers. A studio spokesperson said that the budget was $237 million, with $150 million for promotion, end of story.

Themes and inspirations

Avatar is primarily an action-adventure journey of self-discovery, in the context of imperialism, and deep ecology. Cameron said his inspiration was every single science fiction book I read as a kid and that he wanted to update the style of Edgar Rice Burroughs John Carter series. He acknowledged that Avatar shares themes with the films At Play in the Fields of the Lord, The Emerald Forest, and Princess Mononoke, which feature clashes between cultures and civilizations, and with Dances with Wolves, where a battered soldier finds himself drawn to the culture he was initially fighting against. He also cited Hayao Miyazaki s anime films such as Princess Mononoke as an influence on the ecosystem of Pandora.

In 2012, Cameron filed a 45-page legal declaration that intended to describe in great detail the genesis of the ideas, themes, storylines, and images that came to be Avatar. In addition to historical events (such as European colonization of the Americas), his life experiences and several of his unproduced projects, Cameron drew connections between Avatar and his previous films. He cited his script and concept art for Xenogenesis, partially produced as a short film, as being the basis for many of the ideas and visual designs in Avatar. He stated that Avatar s concepts of a world mind, intelligence within nature, the idea of projecting force or consciousness using an avatar, colonization of alien planets, greedy corporate interests backed up by military force, the story of a seemingly weaker group prevailing over a technologically superior force, and the good scientist were all established and recurrent themes from his earlier films including Aliens, The Abyss, Rambo: First Blood Part II, The Terminator and Terminator 2: Judgment Day. He specifically mentioned the water tentacle in The Abyss as an example of an avatar that takes on the appearance of…an alien life form…in order to bridge the cultural gap and build trust.

Cameron also cited a number of works by other creators as reference points and sources of inspiration for Avatar. These include two of his favorite films, 2001: A Space Odyssey, where mankind experiences an evolution after meeting alien life, and Lawrence of Arabia, where an outsider…encounters and immerses into a foreign culture and then ultimately joins that group to fight other outsiders. Cameron said he became familiar with the concept of a human operating a synthetic avatar inside another world from George Henry Smith s short story In the Imagicon and Arthur C. Clarke s novel The City and the Stars. He said he learned of the term avatar by reading the cyberpunk novels Neuromancer by William Gibson and Islands in the Net by Bruce Sterling. The idea of a world mind originated in the novel Solaris by Stanislaw Lem. Cameron mentioned several other films about people interacting with indigenous cultures as inspiring him, including Dances with Wolves, The Man Who Would Be King, The Mission, The Emerald Forest, Medicine Man, The Jungle Book and FernGully. He also cited as inspiration the John Carter and Tarzan stories by Edgar Rice Burroughs and other adventure stories by Rudyard Kipling and H. Rider Haggard.

In a 2007 interview with Time magazine, Cameron was asked about the meaning of the term Avatar, to which he replied, It s an incarnation of one of the Hindu gods taking a flesh form. In this film what that means is that the human technology in the future is capable of injecting a human s intelligence into a remotely located body, a biological body. Cameron also cited the Japanese cyberpunk manga and anime Ghost in the Shell, in terms of how humans can remotely control, and transfer their personalities into, alien bodies.

The look of the Na vi – the humanoids indigenous to Pandora – was inspired by a dream that Cameron s mother had, long before he started work on Avatar. In her dream, she saw a blue-skinned woman 12 feet (4 m) tall, which he thought was kind of a cool image . Also he said, I just like blue. It s a good color … plus, there s a connection to the Hindu deities, which I like conceptually. He included similar creatures in his first screenplay (written in 1976 or 1977), which featured a planet with a native population of gorgeous tall blue aliens. The Na vi were based on them.

For the love story between characters Jake and Neytiri, Cameron applied a star-crossed love theme, which he said was in the tradition of Romeo and Juliet. He acknowledged its similarity to the pairing of Jack and Rose from his film Titanic. An interviewer stated, Both couples come from radically different cultures that are contemptuous of their relationship and are forced to choose sides between the competing communities. Cameron described Neytiri as his Pocahontas, saying that his plotline followed the historical story of a white outsider falls in love with the chief s daughter, who becomes his guide to the tribe and to their special bond with nature. Cameron felt that whether or not the Jake and Neytiri love story would be perceived as believable partially hinged on the physical attractiveness of Neytiri s alien appearance, which was developed by considering her appeal to the all-male crew of artists. Although Cameron felt Jake and Neytiri do not fall in love right away, their portrayers (Worthington and Saldana) felt the characters did. Cameron said the two actors had a great chemistry during filming.

For the film s floating Hallelujah Mountains , the designers drew inspiration from many different types of mountains, but mainly the karst limestone formations in China. According to production designer Dylan Cole, the fictional floating rocks were inspired by Huangshan (also known as Yellow Mountain), Guilin, Zhangjiajie, among others around the world. Cameron had noted the influence of the Chinese peaks on the design of the floating mountains.

To create the interiors of the human mining colony on Pandora, production designers visited the Noble Clyde Boudreaux oil platform in the Gulf of Mexico during June 2007. They photographed, measured and filmed every aspect of the platform, which was later replicated on-screen with photorealistic CGI during post-production.

Cameron said that he wanted to make something that has this spoonful of sugar of all the action and the adventure and all that but also have a conscience that maybe in the enjoying of it makes you think a little bit about the way you interact with nature and your fellow man . He added that the Na vi represent something that is our higher selves, or our aspirational selves, what we would like to think we are and that even though there are good humans within the film, the humans represent what we know to be the parts of ourselves that are trashing our world and maybe condemning ourselves to a grim future .

Cameron acknowledges that Avatar implicitly criticizes the United States role in the Iraq War and the impersonal nature of mechanized warfare in general. In reference to the use of the term shock and awe in the film, Cameron said, We know what it feels like to launch the missiles. We don t know what it feels like for them to land on our home soil, not in America. He said in later interviews, … I think it s very patriotic to question a system that needs to be corralled … and, The film is definitely not anti-American. A scene in the film portrays the violent destruction of the towering Na vi Hometree, which collapses in flames after a missile attack, coating the landscape with ash and floating embers. Asked about the scene s resemblance to the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center, Cameron said he had been surprised at how much it did look like September 11 .

Filming

Principal photography for Avatar began in April 2007 in Los Angeles and Wellington. Cameron described the film as a hybrid with a full live-action shoot in combination with computer-generated characters and live environments. Ideally at the end of the day the audience has no idea which they re looking at, Cameron said. The director indicated that he had already worked four months on nonprincipal scenes for the film. The live action was shot with a modified version of the proprietary digital 3-D Fusion Camera System, developed by Cameron and Vince Pace. In January 2007, Fox had announced that 3-D filming for Avatar would be done at 24 frames per second despite Cameron s strong opinion that a 3-D film requires higher frame rate to make strobing less noticeable. According to Cameron, the film is composed of 60% computer-generated elements and 40% live action, as well as traditional miniatures.

Motion-capture photography lasted 31 days at the Hughes Aircraft stage in Playa Vista in Los Angeles. Live action photography began in October 2007 at Stone Street Studios in Wellington and was scheduled to last 31 days. More than a thousand people worked on the production. In preparation of the filming sequences, all of the actors underwent professional training specific to their characters such as archery, horseback riding, firearm use, and hand-to-hand combat. They received language and dialect training in the Na vi language created for the film. Before shooting the film, Cameron also sent the cast to the Hawaiian tropical rainforests to get a feel for a rainforest setting before shooting on the soundstage.

During filming, Cameron made use of his virtual camera system, a new way of directing motion-capture filmmaking. The system shows the actors virtual counterparts in their digital surroundings in real time, allowing the director to adjust and direct scenes just as if shooting live action. According to Cameron, It s like a big, powerful game engine. If I want to fly through space, or change my perspective, I can. I can turn the whole scene into a living miniature and go through it on a 50 to 1 scale. Using conventional techniques, the complete virtual world cannot be seen until the motion-capture of the actors is complete. Cameron said this process does not diminish the value or importance of acting. On the contrary, because there is no need for repeated camera and lighting setups, costume fittings and make-up touch-ups, scenes do not need to be interrupted repeatedly. Cameron described the system as a form of pure creation where if you want to move a tree or a mountain or the sky or change the time of day, you have complete control over the elements .

Cameron gave fellow directors Steven Spielberg and Peter Jackson a chance to test the new technology. Spielberg said, I like to think of it as digital makeup, not augmented animation … Motion capture brings the director back to a kind of intimacy that actors and directors only know when they re working in live theater. Spielberg and George Lucas were also able to visit the set to watch Cameron direct with the equipment.

To film the shots where CGI interacts with live action, a unique camera referred to as a simulcam was used, a merger of the 3-D fusion camera and the virtual camera systems. While filming live action in real time with the simulcam, the CGI images captured with the virtual camera or designed from scratch, are superimposed over the live action images as in augmented reality and shown on a small monitor, making it possible for the director to instruct the actors how to relate to the virtual material in the scene.

Due to Cameron s personal convictions about climate change, he allowed only plant-based (vegan) food to be served on set.

Visual effects

A number of innovative visual effects techniques were used during production. According to Cameron, work on the film had been delayed since the 1990s to allow the techniques to reach the necessary degree of advancement to adequately portray his vision of the film. The director planned to make use of photorealistic computer-generated characters, created using new motion capture animation technologies he had been developing in the 14 months leading up to December 2006.

Innovations include a new system for lighting massive areas like Pandora s jungle, a motion-capture stage or volume six times larger than any previously used, and an improved method of capturing facial expressions, enabling full performance capture. To achieve the face capturing, actors wore individually made skull caps fitted with a tiny camera positioned in front of the actors faces; the information collected about their facial expressions and eyes is then transmitted to computers. According to Cameron, the method allows the filmmakers to transfer 100% of the actors physical performances to their digital counterparts. Besides the performance capture data which were transferred directly to the computers, numerous reference cameras gave the digital artists multiple angles of each performance. A technically challenging scene was near the end of the film when the computer-generated Neytiri held the live action Jake in human form, and attention was given to the details of the shadows and reflected light between them.

The lead visual effects company was Weta Digital in Wellington, at one point employing 900 people to work on the film. Because of the huge amount of data which needed to be stored, cataloged and available for everybody involved, even on the other side of the world, a new cloud computing and Digital Asset Management (DAM) system named Gaia was created by Microsoft especially for Avatar, which allowed the crews to keep track of and coordinate all stages in the digital processing. To render Avatar, Weta used a 930 m2 (10,000 sq ft) server farm making use of 4,000 Hewlett-Packard servers with 35,000 processor cores with 104 terabytes of RAM and three petabytes of network area storage running Ubuntu Linux, Grid Engine cluster manager, and 2 of the animation software and managers, Pixar s RenderMan and Pixar s Alfred queue management system. The render farm occupies the 193rd to 197th spots in the TOP500 list of the world s most powerful supercomputers. A new texturing and paint software system, called Mari, was developed by The Foundry in cooperation with Weta. Creating the Na vi characters and the virtual world of Pandora required over a petabyte of digital storage, and each minute of the final footage for Avatar occupies 17.28 gigabytes of storage. It would often take the computer several hours to render a single frame of the film. To help finish preparing the special effects sequences on time, a number of other companies were brought on board, including Industrial Light & Magic, which worked alongside Weta Digital to create the battle sequences. ILM was responsible for the visual effects for many of the film s specialized vehicles and devised a new way to make CGI explosions. Joe Letteri was the film s visual effects general supervisor.

Music and soundtrack

Composer James Horner scored the film, his third collaboration with Cameron after Aliens and Titanic. Horner recorded parts of the score with a small chorus singing in the alien language Na vi in March 2008. He also worked with Wanda Bryant, an ethnomusicologist, to create a music culture for the alien race. The first scoring sessions were planned to take place in early 2009. During production, Horner promised Cameron that he would not work on any other project except for Avatar and reportedly worked on the score from four in the morning until ten at night throughout the process. He stated in an interview, Avatar has been the most difficult film I have worked on and the biggest job I have undertaken. Horner composed the score as two different scores merged into one. He first created a score that reflected the Na vi way of sound and then combined it with a separate traditional score to drive the film. British singer Leona Lewis was chosen to sing the theme song for the film, called I See You . An accompanying music video, directed by Jake Nava, premiered December 15, 2009, on MySpace.

Marketing

Promotions

The first photo of the film was released on August 14, 2009, and Empire released exclusive images from the film in its October issue. Cameron, producer Jon Landau, Zoe Saldana, Stephen Lang, and Sigourney Weaver appeared at a panel, moderated by Tom Rothman, at the 2009 San Diego Comic-Con on July 23. Twenty-five minutes of footage was screened in Dolby 3D. Weaver and Cameron appeared at additional panels to promote the film, speaking on the 23rd and 24th respectively. James Cameron announced at the Comic-Con Avatar Panel that August 21 will be Avatar Day . On this day, the trailer was released in all theatrical formats. The official game trailer and toy line of the film were also unveiled on this day.

The 129-second trailer was released online on August 20, 2009. The new 210-second trailer was premiered in theaters on October 23, 2009, then soon after premiered online on Yahoo! on October 29, 2009, to positive reviews. An extended version in IMAX 3D received overwhelmingly positive reviews. The Hollywood Reporter said that audience expectations were colored by the establishment skepticism that preceded Titanic and suggested the showing reflected the desire for original storytelling. The teaser has been among the most viewed trailers in the history of film marketing, reaching the first place of all trailers viewed on Apple.com with 4 million views. On October 30, to celebrate the opening of the first 3-D cinema in Vietnam, Fox allowed Megastar Cinema to screen exclusive 16 minutes of Avatar to a number of press. The three-and-a-half-minute trailer of the film premiered live on November 1, 2009, during a Dallas Cowboys football game at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, on the Diamond Vision screen, one of the world s largest video displays, and to TV audiences viewing the game on Fox. It is said to be the largest live motion picture trailer viewing in history.

The Coca-Cola Company collaborated with Fox to launch a worldwide marketing campaign to promote the film. The highlight of the campaign was the website AVTR.com. Specially marked bottles and cans of Coca-Cola Zero, when held in front of a webcam, enabled users to interact with the website s 3-D features using augmented reality (AR) technology. The film was heavily promoted in an episode of the Fox series Bones in the episode The Gamer In The Grease (Season 5, Episode 9). Avatar star Joel David Moore has a recurring role on the program, and is seen in the episode anxiously awaiting the release of the film. A week prior to the American release, Zoe Saldana promoted the film on Adult Swim when she was interviewed by an animated Space Ghost. McDonald s had a promotion mentioned in television commercials in Europe called Avatarize yourself , which encouraged people to go to the website set up by Oddcast, and use a photograph of themselves to change into a Na vi.

Books

Avatar: A Confidential Report on the Biological and Social History of Pandora, a 224-page book in the form of a field guide to the film s fictional setting of the planet of Pandora, was released by Harper Entertainment on November 24, 2009. It is presented as a compilation of data collected by the humans about Pandora and the life on it, written by Maria Wilhelm and Dirk Mathison. HarperFestival also released Wilhelm s 48-page James Cameron s Avatar: The Reusable Scrapbook for children. The Art of Avatar was released on November 30, 2009, by Abrams Books. The book features detailed production artwork from the film, including production sketches, illustrations by Lisa Fitzpatrick, and film stills. Producer Jon Landau wrote the foreword, Cameron wrote the epilogue, and director Peter Jackson wrote the preface. In October 2010, Abrams Books also released The Making of Avatar, a 272-page book that detailed the film s production process and contains over 500 color photographs and illustrations.

In a 2009 interview, Cameron said that he planned to write a novel version of Avatar after the film was released. In February 2010, producer Jon Landau stated that Cameron plans a prequel novel for Avatar that will lead up to telling the story of the movie, but it would go into much more depth about all the stories that we didn t have time to deal with , saying that Jim wants to write a novel that is a big, epic story that fills in a lot of things . In August 2013 it was announced that Cameron hired Steven Gould to pen four standalone novels to expand the Avatar universe.

Video game

Cameron chose Ubisoft Montreal to create an Avatar game for the film in 2007. The filmmakers and game developers collaborated heavily, and Cameron decided to include some of Ubisoft s vehicle and creature designs in the film.James Cameron s Avatar: The Game was released on December 1, 2009, for most home video game consoles (PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii, Nintendo DS, iPhone) and Microsoft Windows, and December 8 for PlayStation Portable. A second game, Avatar: Frontiers of Pandora, was under development as of 2021.

Action figures and postage stamps

Mattel Toys announced in December 2009 that it would be introducing a line of Avatar action figures. Each action figure will be made with a 3-D web tag, called an i-TAG, that consumers can scan using a web cam, revealing unique on-screen content that is exclusive to each specific action figure. A series of toys representing six different characters from the film were also distributed globally in McDonald s Happy Meals.

In December 2009, France Post released a special limited edition stamp based on Avatar, coinciding with the film s worldwide release.

Release and reception

Initial screening

Avatar premiered in London on December 10, 2009, and was released theatrically worldwide from December 16 to 18. The film was originally set for release on May 22, 2009, during filming but was pushed back to allow more post-production time (the last shots were delivered in November) and give more time for theaters worldwide to install 3D projectors. Cameron stated that the film s aspect ratio would be 1.78:1 for 3D screenings and that a 2.39:1 image would be extracted for 2D screenings. However, a 3D 2.39:1 extract was approved for use with constant-image-height screens (i.e., screens that increase in width to display 2.39:1 films). During a 3D preview showing in Germany on December 16, the movie s DRM protection system failed, and some copies delivered could not be watched at all in the theaters. The problems were fixed in time for the public premiere. Avatar was released in a total of 3,457 theaters in the US, of which 2,032 theaters ran it in 3D. In total, 90% of all advance ticket sales for Avatar were for 3D screenings.

Internationally, Avatar opened on a total of 14,604 screens in 106 territories, of which 3,671 were showing the film in 3D (producing 56% of the first weekend gross). The film was simultaneously presented in IMAX 3D format, opening in 178 theaters in the United States on December 18. The international IMAX release included 58 theaters beginning on December 16, and 25 more theaters were to be added in the coming weeks. The IMAX release was the company s widest to date, a total of 261 theaters worldwide. The previous IMAX record opening was Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, which opened in 161 IMAX theaters in the US, and about 70 international. 20th Century Fox Korea adapted and later released Avatar in 4D version, which included moving seats, smells of explosives, sprinkling water, laser lights and wind .

Box office

General

Avatar was released internationally on more than 14,000 screens. It earned $3,537,000 from midnight screenings domestically (United States and Canada), with the initial 3D release limited to 2,200 screens. The film earned $26,752,099 on its opening day, and $77,025,481 over its opening weekend, making it the second-largest December opening ever behind I Am Legend, the largest domestic opening weekend for a film not based on a franchise (topping The Incredibles), the highest opening weekend for a film entirely in 3D (breaking Up s record), the highest opening weekend for an environmentalist film (breaking The Day After Tomorrow s record), and the 40th-largest opening weekend in North America, despite a blizzard that blanketed the East Coast of the United States and reportedly hurt its opening weekend results. The film also set an IMAX opening weekend record, with 178 theaters generating approximately $9.5 million, 12% of the film s $77 million (at the time) North American gross on less than 3% of the screens.

International markets generating opening weekend tallies of at least $10 million were for Russia ($19.7 million), France ($17.4 million), the UK ($13.8 million), Germany ($13.3 million), South Korea ($11.7 million), Australia ($11.5 million), and Spain ($11.0 million). Avatar s worldwide gross was US$241.6 million after five days, the ninth largest opening-weekend gross of all time, and the largest for a non-franchise, non-sequel and original film. 58 international IMAX screens generated an estimated $4.1 million during the opening weekend.

Revenues in the film s second weekend decreased by only 1.8% in domestic markets, marking a rare occurrence, earning $75,617,183, to remain in first place at the box office and recording what was then the biggest second weekend of all time. The film experienced another marginal decrease in revenue in its third weekend, dropping 9.4% to $68,490,688 domestically, remaining in first place at the box office, to set a third-weekend record.

Avatar crossed the $1 billion mark on the 19th day of its international release, making it the first film to reach this mark in only 19 days. It became the fifth film grossing more than $1 billion worldwide, and the only film of 2009 to do so. In its fourth weekend, Avatar continued to lead the box office domestically, setting a new all-time fourth-weekend record of $50,306,217, and becoming the highest-grossing 2009 release in the United States. In the film s fifth weekend, it set the Martin Luther King Day weekend record, grossing $54,401,446, and set a fifth-weekend record with a take of $42,785,612. It held the top spot to set the sixth and seventh weekend records earning $34,944,081 and $31,280,029 respectively. It was the fastest film to gross $600 million domestically, on its 47th day in theaters.

On January 31, it became the first film to earn over $2 billion worldwide, and it became the first film to gross over $700 million in the U.S. and Canada, on February 27, after 72 days of release. It remained at number one at the domestic box office for seven consecutive weeks – the most consecutive No. 1 weekends since Titanic spent 15 weekends at No.1 in 1997 and 1998 – and also spent 11 consecutive weekends at the top of the box office outside the United States and Canada, breaking the record of nine consecutive weekends set by Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man s Chest. By the end of its first theatrical release Avatar had grossed $749,766,139 in the U.S. and Canada, and $1,999,298,189 in other territories, for a worldwide total of $2,749,064,328.

Including the revenue from a re-release of Avatar featuring extended footage, Avatar grossed $760,507,625 in the U.S. and Canada, and $2,029,172,169 in other countries for a worldwide total of $2,789,679,794. Avatar has set a number of box office records during its release: on January 25, 2010, it surpassed Titanic s worldwide gross to become the highest-grossing film of all time worldwide 41 days after its international release, just two days after taking the foreign box office record. On February 2, 47 days after its domestic release, Avatar surpassed Titanic to become the highest-grossing film of all time in Canada and the United States. It became the highest-grossing film of all time in at least 30 other countries and is the first film to earn over $2 billion in foreign box office receipts. IMAX ticket sales account for $243.3 million of its worldwide gross, more than double the previous record.

Box Office Mojo estimates that after adjusting for the rise in average ticket prices, Avatar would be the 14th-highest-grossing film of all time in North America. Box Office Mojo also observes that the higher ticket prices for 3D and IMAX screenings have had a significant impact on Avatar s gross; it estimated, on April 21, 2010, that Avatar had sold approximately 75 million tickets in North American theaters, more than any other film since 1999 s Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace. On a worldwide basis, when Avatar s gross stood at $2 billion just 35 days into its run, The Daily Telegraph estimated its gross was surpassed by only Gone with the Wind ($3.0 billion), Titanic ($2.9 billion), and Star Wars ($2.2 billion) after adjusting for inflation to 2010 prices, with Avatar ultimately winding up with $2.8 billion after subsequent re-releases. Reuters even placed it ahead of Titanic after adjusting the global total for inflation. The 2015 edition of Guinness World Records lists Avatar only behind Gone with the Wind in terms of adjusted grosses worldwide.

Commercial analysis

Before its release, various film critics and fan communities predicted the film would be a significant disappointment at the box office, in line with predictions made for Cameron s previous blockbuster Titanic. This criticism ranged from Avatar s film budget, to its concept and use of 3-D blue cat people . Slate magazine s Daniel Engber complimented the 3D effects but criticized them for reminding him of certain CGI characters from the Star Wars prequel films and for having the uncanny valley effect. The New York Times noted that 20th Century Fox executives had decided to release Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel alongside Avatar, calling it a secret weapon to cover any unforeseeable losses at the box office.

I think if everybody was embracing the film before the fact, the film could never live up to that expectation … Have them go with some sense of wanting to find the answer.

James Cameron on criticism of Avatar before its release.

Box office analysts, on the other hand, estimated that the film would be a box office success. The holy grail of 3-D has finally arrived, said an analyst for Exhibitor Relations. This is why all these 3-D venues were built: for Avatar. This is the one. The behemoth. The cautionary estimate was that Avatar would bring in around $60 million in its opening weekend. Others guessed higher. There were also analysts who believed that the film s three-dimensionality would help its box office performance, given that recent 3D films had been successful.

Cameron said he felt the pressure of the predictions, but that pressure is good for film-makers. It makes us think about our audiences and what the audience wants, he stated. We owe them a good time. We owe them a piece of good entertainment. Although he felt Avatar would appeal to everyone and that the film could not afford to have a target demographic, he especially wanted hard-core science-fiction fans to see it: If I can just get em in the damn theater, the film will act on them in the way it s supposed to, in terms of taking them on an amazing journey and giving them this rich emotional experience. Cameron was aware of the sentiment that Avatar would need significant repeat business just to make up for its budget and achieve box office success, and believed Avatar could inspire the same sharing reaction as Titanic. He said that film worked because, When people have an experience that s very powerful in the movie theatre, they want to go share it. They want to grab their friend and bring them, so that they can enjoy it. They want to be the person to bring them the news that this is something worth having in their life.

After the film s release and unusually strong box office performance over its first two weeks, it was debated as the one film capable of surpassing Titanic s worldwide gross, and its continued strength perplexed box office analysts. Other films in recent years had been cited as contenders for surpassing Titanic, such as 2008 s The Dark Knight, but Avatar was considered the first film with a genuine chance to do so, and its numbers being aided by higher ticket prices for 3D screenings did not fully explain its success to box office analysts. Most films are considered to be healthy if they manage anything less than a 50% drop from their first weekend to their second. Dipping just 11% from the first to the third is unheard of, said Paul Dergarabedian, president of box-office analysis for Hollywood.com. This is just unprecedented. I had to do a double take. I thought it was a miscalculation. Analysts predicted second place for the film s worldwide gross, but most were uncertain about it surpassing Titanic because Today s films flame out much faster than they did when Titanic was released. Brandon Gray, president of Box Office Mojo, believed in the film s chances of becoming the highest-grossing film of all time, though he also believed it was too early to surmise because it had only played during the holidays. He said, While Avatar may beat Titanic s record, it will be tough, and the film is unlikely to surpass Titanic in attendance. Ticket prices were about $3 cheaper in the late 1990s. Cameron said he did not think it was realistic to try to topple Titanic off its perch because it just struck some kind of chord and there had been other good films in recent years. He changed his prediction by mid-January. It s gonna happen. It s just a matter of time, he said.

You ve got to compete head on with these other epic works of fantasy and fiction, the Tolkiens and the Star Wars and the Star Treks. People want a persistent alternate reality to invest themselves in and they want the detail that makes it rich and worth their time. They want to live somewhere else. Like Pandora.

James Cameron on the success of Avatar

Although analysts have been unable to agree that Avatar s success is attributable to one primary factor, several explanations have been advanced. First, January is historically the dumping ground for the year s weakest films , and this also applied to 2010. Cameron himself said he decided to open the film in December so that it would have less competition from then to January. Titanic capitalized on the same January predictability, and earned most of its gross in 1998. Additionally, Avatar established itself as a must-see event. Gray said, At this point, people who are going to see Avatar are going to see Avatar and would even if the slate was strong. Marketing the film as a novelty factor also helped. Fox positioned the film as a cinematic event that should be seen in the theaters. It s really hard to sell the idea that you can have the same experience at home, stated David Mumpower, an analyst at BoxOfficeProphets.com. The Oscar buzz surrounding the film and international viewings helped. Two-thirds of Titanic s haul was earned overseas, and Avatar similarly …Avatar opened in 106 markets globally and was No. 1 in all of them , and the markets such as Russia, where Titanic saw modest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today with more screens and moviegoers than before.

According to Variety, films in 3D accumulated $1.3 billion in 2009, a threefold increase over 2008 and more than 10% of the total 2009 box-office gross . The increased ticket price – an average of $2 to $3 per ticket in most markets – helped the film. Likewise, Entertainment Weekly attributed the film s success to 3D glasses but also to its astronomic word-of-mouth . Not only do some theaters charge up to $18.50 for IMAX tickets, but the buzz created by the new technology was the possible cause for sold-out screenings. Gray said Avatar having no basis in previously established material makes its performance remarkable and even more impressive. The movie might be derivative of many movies in its story and themes, he said, but it had no direct antecedent like the other top-grossing films: Titanic (historical events), the Star Wars movies (an established film franchise), or The Lord of the Rings (literature). It was a tougher sell … The Hollywood Reporter estimated that after a combined production and promotion cost of between $387–437 million, the film turned a net profit of $1.2 billion.

Critical reception

On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, 82% of 319 reviews are positive, and the average rating is 7.4/10. The site s consensus reads, It might be more impressive on a technical level than as a piece of storytelling, but Avatar reaffirms James Cameron s singular gift for imaginative, absorbing filmmaking. On Metacritic — which assigns a weighted mean score — the film has a score of 83 out of 100 based on 35 critics, indicating universal acclaim . Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of A on an A+ to F scale. Every demographic surveyed was reported to give this rating. These polls also indicated that the main draw of the film was its use of 3D.

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times called the film extraordinary and gave it four stars out of four. Watching Avatar, I felt sort of the same as when I saw Star Wars in 1977, he said, adding that like Star Wars and The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, the film employs a new generation of special effects and it is not simply a sensational entertainment, although it is that. It s a technical breakthrough. It has a flat-out Green and anti-war message .A. O. Scott of At The Movies also compared his viewing of the film to the first time he viewed Star Wars and he said although the script is a little bit … obvious, it was part of what made it work . Todd McCarthy of Variety praised the film, saying The King of the World sets his sights on creating another world entirely in Avatar, and it s very much a place worth visiting. Kirk Honeycutt of The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a positive review. The screen is alive with more action and the soundtrack pops with more robust music than any dozen sci-fi shoot- em-ups you care to mention, he stated. Peter Travers of Rolling Stone awarded Avatar a three-and-a-half out of four star rating and wrote in his print review It extends the possibilities of what movies can do. Cameron s talent may just be as big as his dreams. Richard Corliss of Time magazine thought that the film was the most vivid and convincing creation of a fantasy world ever seen in the history of moving pictures. Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times thought the film has powerful visual accomplishments but flat dialogue and obvious characterization . James Berardinelli of ReelViews praised the film and its story, giving it four out of four stars; he wrote In 3-D, it s immersive – but the traditional film elements – story, character, editing, theme, emotional resonance, etc. – are presented with sufficient expertise to make even the 2-D version an engrossing 2+1⁄2-hour experience.

Avatar s underlying social and political themes attracted attention. Armond White of the New York Press wrote that Cameron used villainous American characters to misrepresent facets of militarism, capitalism, and imperialism . Russell D. Moore of The Christian Post concluded that propaganda exists in the film and stated If you can get a theater full of people in Kentucky to stand and applaud the defeat of their country in war, then you ve got some amazing special effects. Adam Cohen of The New York Times was more positive about the film, calling its anti-imperialist message a 22nd-century version of the American colonists vs. the British, India vs. the Raj, or Latin America vs. United Fruit . Ross Douthat of The New York Times opined that the film is Cameron s long apologia for pantheism Hollywood s religion of choice for a generation now , while Saritha Prabhu of The Tennessean called the film a misportrayal of pantheism and Eastern spirituality in general , and Maxim Osipov of The Hindustan Times, on the contrary, commended the film s message for its overall consistency with the teachings of Hinduism in the Bhagavad Gita. Annalee Newitz of io9 concluded that Avatar is another film that has the recurring fantasy about race whereby some white guy becomes the most awesome member of a non-white culture. Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune called Avatar the season s ideological Rorschach blot , while Miranda Devine of The Sydney Morning Herald thought that It impossible to watch Avatar without being banged over the head with the director s ideological hammer. Nidesh Lawtoo believed that an essential, yet less visible social theme that contributed to Avatar s success concerns contemporary fascinations with virtual avatars and the transition from the world of reality to that of virtual reality .

Critics and audiences have cited similarities with other films, literature or media, describing the perceived connections in ways ranging from simple borrowing to outright plagiarism. Ty Burr of The Boston Globe called it the same movie as Dances with Wolves. Like Dances with Wolves, Avatar has been characterized as being a white savior movie, in which a backwards native people is impotent without the leadership of a member of the invading white culture. Parallels to the concept and use of an avatar are in Poul Anderson s 1957 novelette Call Me Joe , in which a paralyzed man uses his mind from orbit to control an artificial body on Jupiter. Cinema audiences in Russia have noted that Avatar has elements in common with the 1960s Noon Universe novels by Arkady and Boris Strugatsky, which are set in the 22nd century on a forested world called Pandora with a sentient indigenous species called the Nave. Various reviews have compared Avatar to the films FernGully: The Last Rainforest, Pocahontas and The Last Samurai. NPR s Morning Edition has compared the film to a montage of tropes, with one commentator stating that Avatar was made by mixing a bunch of film scripts in a blender . Gary Westfahl wrote that the science fiction story that most closely resembles Avatar has to be Ursula Le Guin s novella The Word for World Is Forest (1972), another epic about a benevolent race of alien beings who happily inhabit dense forests while living in harmony with nature until they are attacked and slaughtered by invading human soldiers who believe that the only good gook is a dead gook. The science fiction writer and editor Gardner Dozois said that along with the Anderson and Le Guin stories, the mash-up included Alan Dean Foster s 1975 novel, Midworld. Some sources saw similarities to the artwork of Roger Dean, which featured fantastic images of floating rock formations and dragons. In 2013, Dean sued Cameron and Fox, claiming that Pandora was inspired by 14 of his images. Dean sought damages of $50m. Dean s case was dismissed in 2014, and The Hollywood Reporter noted that Cameron has won multiple Avatar idea theft cases.

Avatar received compliments from filmmakers, with Steven Spielberg praising it as the most evocative and amazing science-fiction movie since Star Wars and others calling it audacious and awe inspiring , master class , and brilliant . Noted art director-turned-filmmaker Roger Christian is also a noted fan of the film. On the other hand, Duncan Jones said: It s not in my top three James Cameron films. …t what point in the film did you have any doubt what was going to happen next? . For French filmmaker Luc Besson, Avatar opened the doors for him to now create an adaptation of the graphic novel series Valérian and Laureline that technologically supports the scope of its source material, with Besson even throwing his original script in the trash and redoing it after seeing the film. TIME ranked Avatar number 3 in their list of The 10 Greatest Movies of the Millennium (Thus Far) also earning it a spot on the magazine s All-Time 100 list, and IGN listed Avatar as number 22 on their list of the top 25 Sci-Fi movies of all time.

Accolades

Avatar won the 82nd Academy Awards for Best Art Direction, Best Cinematography, and Best Visual Effects, and was nominated for a total of nine, including Best Picture and Best Director. Avatar also won the 67th Golden Globe Awards for Best Motion Picture – Drama and Best Director, and was nominated for two others. At the 36th Saturn Awards, Avatar won all ten awards it was nominated for: Best Science Fiction Film, Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Supporting Actor, Best Supporting Actress, Best Director, Best Writing, Best Music, Best Production Design and Best Special Effects.

The New York Film Critics Online honored the film with its Best Picture award. The film also won the Critics Choice Awards of the Broadcast Film Critics Association for Best Action Film and several technical categories, out of nine nominations. It won two of the St. Louis Film Critics awards: Best Visual Effects and Most Original, Innovative or Creative Film. The film also won the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) award for Production Design and Special Visual Effects, and was nominated for six others, including Best Film and Director. The film has received numerous other major awards, nominations and honors.

Special Edition re-release

In July 2010, Cameron confirmed that there would be an extended theatrical rerelease of the film on August 27, 2010, exclusively in 3D theaters and IMAX 3D. Avatar: Special Edition includes an additional nine minutes of footage, all of which is CG, including an extension of the sex scene and various other scenes that were cut from the original theatrical film. This extended re-release resulted in the film s run time approaching the current IMAX platter maximum of 170 minutes, thereby leaving less time for the end credits. Cameron stated that the nine minutes of added scenes cost more than $1 million a minute to produce and finish. During its 12-week re-release, Avatar: Special Edition grossed an additional $10.74 million in North America and $22.46 million overseas for a worldwide total of $33.2 million.

Extended home media release

20th Century Fox Home Entertainment released the film on DVD and Blu-ray in the US on April 22, 2010, and in the UK on April 26. The US release was not on a Tuesday as is the norm, but was done to coincide with Earth Day. The first DVD and Blu-ray release does not contain any supplemental features other than the theatrical film and the disc menu in favor of and to make space for optimal picture and sound. The release also preserves the film s native 1.78:1 (16:9) format as Cameron felt that was the best format to watch the film. The Blu-ray disc contains DRM (BD+ 5) which some Blu-ray players might not support without a firmware update.

Avatar set a first-day launch record in the U.S. for Blu-ray sales at 1.5 million units sold, breaking the record previously held by The Dark Knight (600,000 units sold). First-day DVD and Blu-ray sales combined were over four million units sold. In its first four days of release, sales of Avatar on Blu-ray reached 2.7 million in the United States and Canada – overtaking The Dark Knight to become the best ever selling Blu-ray release in the region. The release later broke the Blu-ray sales record in the UK the following week. In its first three weeks of release, the film sold a total of 19.7 million DVD and Blu-ray discs combined, a new record for sales in that period. As of July 18, 2012, DVD sales (not including Blu-ray) totaled over 10.5 million units sold with $190,806,055 in revenue. Avatar retained its record as the top-selling Blu-ray in the US market until January 2015, when it was surpassed by Disney s Frozen.

The Avatar three-disc Extended Collector s Edition on DVD and Blu-ray was released on November 16, 2010. Three different versions of the film are present on the discs: the original theatrical cut (162 minutes), the special edition cut (170 minutes), and a collector s extended cut (178 minutes). The DVD set spreads the film across two discs, while the Blu-ray set presents it on a single disc. The collector s extended cut contains 8 more minutes of footage, thus making it 16 minutes longer than the original theatrical cut. Cameron mentioned,

Year	2009
ReleaseDate	2009-12-18
RuntimeMins	162
RuntimeStr	2h 42min
Plot	A paraplegic Marine dispatched to the moon Pandora on a unique mission becomes torn between following his orders and protecting the world he feels is his home.
Awards	Won 3 Oscars, 89 wins & 131 nominations total
Directors	James Cameron
Writers	James Cameron
Stars	Sam Worthington, Zoe Saldana, Sigourney Weaver
Produced by	Brooke Breton, James Cameron, Laeta Kalogridis, Jon Landau, Josh McLaglen, Janace Tashjian, Peter M. Tobyansen, Colin Wilson
Music by	James Horner
Cinematography by	Mauro Fiore
Film Editing by	James Cameron, John Refoua, Stephen E. Rivkin
Casting By	Mali Finn, Margery Simkin
Production Design by	Rick Carter, Robert Stromberg, Martin Laing
Art Direction by	Nick Bassett, Robert Bavin, Simon Bright, Todd Cherniawsky, Jill Cormack, Stefan Dechant, Sean Haworth, Kevin Ishioka, Andy McLaren, Andrew Menzies, Kim Sinclair
Set Decoration by	Kim Sinclair
Costume Design by	Mayes C. Rubeo, Deborah Lynn Scott
Makeup Department	Richard Alonzo, Michele Barber, Michal Bigger, Hayden Bloomfield, Linda DeVetta, Rick Findlater, Roxane Griffin, Frankie Karena, Georgia Lockhart-Adams, Angela Mooar, Tania Saylor, Nadege Schoenfeld, Mike Smithson, Tegan Taylor, Lisa Hefford, Davina Lamont, Samantha Lyttle, Catherine Maguire, Jaime Leigh McIntosh, Antony McMullen, Ken Niederbaumer, Michele Perry, Jess Reedy, Sarah Rubano, Dara Wakely, Nacoma Whobrey, Victoria Wood, Corinna Woodcock
Production Management	Geoff Burdick, Dawn Higginbotham, Boris Kunac, Mika Saito, Janace Tashjian, Jennifer Teves, Chris Walker, Colin Wilson, Brigitte Yorke, Steve Barnett
Second Unit Director or Assistant Director	Maria Battle-Campbell, Del Chatterton, Bryon Darling, Darren Mackie, Richard Matthews, Josh McLaglen, Michael Musteric, Jacqui Pryor, Steven Quale, Brian Walker, Judith Wayers, Stephanie Weststrate, Sarah Bicknell, Iris McPherson, Sharon Swab
Art Department	Jacqui Allen, Ruben Allen, Alex Alvarez, Jose Astacio, Graham Aston, C. Scott Baker, Wayne D. Barlowe, Joshua Barraud, Yuri Bartoli, Jason Beale, Aaron Beck, Nicole Bell, Daniel Birt, Shaun Bolton, Zack Bunker, Rafael Antonio Burgos, Dorian Bustamante, Ed Calderon Jr., Nicola Campbell, Milton Candish, Andrea Carter, Luke Caska, Andrew Chan, Tanea Chapman, David Chow, Ryan Church, Pierce Clarke, James Clyne, Dylan Cole, Vanessa Cole, Jack Cornelius, Ken Culver, Justin Ditter, Andrew Driver, Alan Droeger, Joe Dunckley, Jonathan Dyer, TyRuben Ellingson, Adam Ellis, Seth Engstrom, Sally Ford, Andrew Gillespie, Rob Gillies, Te Ngaru Grant, Rupert Grobben, Paul Hambleton, Scott Herbertson, Joe Hitchcock, Joseph Hiura, Bensen Ho, Janelle Hope, Dan Horton, Barry Howell, Tom Hrupcho, Dean Hudson, Gus Hunter, Anthony Jacob, Gregory Jein, Rebecca Jellie, Gareth J. Jensen, Holly Jeter, Robert Andrew Johnson, Andrew L. Jones, Tex Kadonaga, Josh King, Neil Kirkland, David Kolff, Stephen Lambert, Tasha Lang, Tammy S. Lee, Tony Leonardi, Darryl Longstaffe, John Lott, Aimee Macabeo, Jason Mahakian, Alastair Maher, Bobby Mara, Karl J. Martin, Victor James Martinez, Richard F. Mays, Francie McGirr, Eliza Meldrum, Steven Messing, Ben Milsom, Martha Eidsness Mitchell, Darren A. Mosher, Ed Mulholand, Norman Newberry, Nik Novis, Fred O Connor, Timothy Oakley, Paul Ozzimo, Brian Pace, Neville Page, Sam Page, Erin Palmer, Phred Palmer, Josh Patterson, Christian Pearce, Reymundo Perez, Patrick Peterson, Kate Pilot, Michael Plant, Robert C. Powers, Ben Procter, Campbell Read, Andrew Reeder, Amber Richards, Bruce Richter, Mark Riggs, Tania Rodger, Anthony Russell, Jordu Schell, Craig Shoji, Andrew M. Siegel, Darryn Sigley, Tony Slack, Michael Smale, Melissa Spicer, Mike Stassi, Mark Stephen, Kat Stephens, Tully Summers, Oly Sundt, Alice Taylor, Richard Taylor, Paul Tobin, Chris Ulusele, John Villarino, Matt Ward, April Warren, Gillian West-Walker, Ben Whale, Sven Wiig, Kevin Willcocks, Norman Willerton, Joanne Williams, Mark Cameron Williams, Jeff Wisniewski, Darren Woldman, Eddie Yang, Daphne Yap, François Audouy, Simon Barker, James Barron, Todd Bennett, Brett Blenkin, Justin Buckingham, Garry Buckley, Page Buckner, J. André Chaintreuil, Justin Chappell, Stephanie Chung, Mary Connolly, Genevieve Cooper, Raoul Darlington, Colin Davidson, Brian De Esch, W. Therese Eberhard, Zachary Fannin, Kasra Farahani, Jeff Flitton, David French, Sean Golding, Peter N. Griffith, Henry Hole, Roland Hunter, Anthony Ingruber, David James, Philip Keller, James Lima, Jerad Marantz, Frank McEldowney, Roger Murray, Phillip Norwood, Ryan Oliver, Miguel Ortega, Dante Passmore, Travis Pinn, Ben Price, Richard Reynolds, Carl Robarge, Josue Rodriguez, Saul Santell, Kino Scialabba, Rachel Silvera, Emerson Stitt, Samuel Tack, Peter Van Zyl, Josh Votaw, Simon Webber, Michael White, Megan Wilson
Sound Department	Marco Alicea, Christopher Boyes, Tim Burby, Frank Clary, Ryan Cole, Sincere Connor, John Countryman, Luke Dunn Gielmuda, Sean England, Ken Fischer, Kim Foscato, Thomas Giordano, Tim Gomillion, Kyle Griffiths, Howie Hammermann, David Hunter, Richard Hymns, Tony Johnson, Jesse Kaplan, William B. Kaplan, Noah Katz, Tom Lalley, Mike Lane, Davis Lee, James Likowski, Stuart McCowan, Shannon Mills, Steve Morris, Cheryl Nardi, Andy Nelson, Gordon Ng, Tim Nielsen, Stacey Parish, Paul Pavelka, Juan Peralta, Eva Porter, Frank Rinella, Renee Russo, Christopher Scarabosio, Dee Selby, Tony Sereno, Steve Slanec, James Spencer, Sam Spicer, William Stein, Gary Summers, James M. Tanenbaum, Addison Teague, Dennie Thorpe, John Torrijos, Jana Vance, Mark Williams, Marshall Winn, Gwendolyn Yates Whittle, Neil Aldridge, Petra Bach, Derek Casari, Sean England, Paul Froula, Daniel A. Greenwald, Nia Hansen, Doc Kane, David Lee, Scott R. Lewis, David Lucarelli, Rhys Maitland-Jones, Dana McCommon, Jordan O Neill, Marc Antonio Pritchett, James Ridgley, Brian Seagrave, Mark Sheffield, Clint Smith, John Soukup, Greg Steele, James Wright
Special Effects by	Johnny Fraser Allen, Greg Allison, Ross Anderson, Nicholas Antunovic, Greg Aprahamian, Wendy Bambro-Tilyard, Daniel Bennett, Grant Bensley, Gabrielle Bertogg, Jamie Beswarick, Eric Bon, David Booth, Charlotte Bowie, Greg Broadmore, Don Brooker, Jonathon Brough, Duncan Brown, Chris Burke, Dean Bushby, Sourisak Chanpaseuth, Jim Charmatz, Chris Cheatham, John Cherevka, Karl Chisholm, Brian Claus, Nick Cleverley, Daniel Cockersell, Ross Collinge, Javier Contreras, Ken Cornett, David Covarrubias, Chris Covich, Stephen Crowe, Lindsey Crummett, Bryce Curtis, Cory Czekaj, Paul Davenport, Wayne Dawson, Sandy Dayal, Lou Diaz, Melissa Dodds, Marc Dutilloy, Stephen Edwards, Jon Ewen, Daniel Falconer, Doug Falconer, Alex Falkner, Alexander Faulkner, Gustavo R. Ferreyra, Cari Finken, Shari Finn, Damian Fisher, Kristos Focas, Rodney Ford, Ryk Fortuna, James French, Daniel Frey, Simon Godsiff, Brad Goff, Darin Gordine, Andrew Gordon, Michael Grealish, Leri Greer, Jonathan Roy Grindlay, Rupert Grobben, Chris Grossnickle, Jamie Grove, Ted Haines, Simon Hall, Scott Harens, Sven Harens, Sarah-Bailey Harper, Cathy Harris, John Harvey, Ben Hawker, Trevor Hensley, Dorothy Hsu, Linda Hughes, Bill Hunt, Gary Hunt, Iain Hutton, Amy Ingram, Steve Ingram, Dave Irons, Robert Irons, Darnell Isom, Colin Jackman, Nadine Jaggi, Kate Jorgenson, Robert Ju, Niko Kaye, Alex Keegan, Nick Keller, Daniel Kelly, Charlotte Key, Rodrick Khachatoorian, Alfred Kuan, Edward Lawton, Callum Linegard, Kane Lockhead, Jason Lopes, Peter Lyon, David Macclure, Mark Maitre, Christine Mansfield, Mike Manzel, Keith Marbory, Neil Marname, Pietro Marson, Jason Matthews, Richard Matthews, Haley May, Tristan McCallum, Mike McDonald, Gareth McGhie, Pranee McKinlay, Phil McLaren, John P. McMullen, David Meng, David Merritt, Claire Middleton, Masayasu Minoura, Dordi Moen, Vibol Moeung, Ray Moore, Hector Morales, Tracey Morgan, Samantha Morley, Andrew Moyes, Les Nairn, Brian Namanny, Tim Nordella, Tira O Daly, Michael Ornelaz, Joey Orosco, Peter Osborne, Peter Osbourne, Joe Paice, Akshay Parbhu, Scott Patton, Joseph C. Pepe, Dallas Poll, Michael Possert Jr., Claire Prebble, Jeff Pyle, Robert Ramsdell, Michael Reitterer, Frances Richardson, Mark Robson, John Rosengrant, Ian Ruxton, Neil Schrader, Nick Seldon, Philip Sharpe, Carlos Slater, Eden Small, Andrew Smith, Gregory L. Smith, James Springham, Paul Steeves, Brian Stendebach, Bodin Sterba, Ian Stevenson, Ri Streeter, Emily Sturrock, Christopher Swift, Fred Tang, Hiroshi Tange, Wayne Thomas, Bill Thompson, Bill Thomson, Jordan Thomson, Richard Thurston, Heath Todd, Greg Tozer, Tim Tozer, David Tremont, Alyssa Tschann, Jobeen Tse, John Eric Tucker, Michelle Turner, Jasmin Van Lith, Michael Wallace, Grant Wallis, Spencer Whynaucht, Daniel Wickham, Paul Wickham, Min Windle, TaMara Carlson Woodard, Annette Wullems, Gary Yee, Pete Zivkovic, Matt Appleton, Chris Baer, Ryan Banfield, Mathieu Burri, Rene Diamante, Laura Elliott, Megan Flagg, Anthony Grow, Dustin Heald, Russ Herpich, Anthony Julio, J. Anthony Kosar, Lindsay MacGowan, Denis Marco, Kevin McTurk, Steven Munson, Mary Pike, J. Alan Scott, Kimberly Scott, Jeffrey D. Smith, Charles Sowles, Petro Vlahos, Phil Weisgerber, Stan Winston
Visual Effects by	Shaun Friedberg Pyrokinesis , Adel Abada, Seb Abante, David Abbott, Heather Abels, John Aberdein, Gino Acevedo, Holly Acton, Ian Adams, Kate Adams, Ryan Adams, Richard Addison-Wood, Michael Aerni, Jeremy Agamata, Imran Ahmed, Gustav Ahren, Malcolm Aitchison, Matt Aitken, Christine Albers, Brad Alexander, Tim Alexander, Tony Alexander, William Alexander, Candice Alger, Laurent Alibo, Belinda Allen, Greg Allen, Stan Alley, Stephen Allison, Jon Allitt, Kristi Valk Almassizadeh, Shadi Almassizadeh, Laia Alomar, Colin Alway, Tony Ambles, Ron Ames, Anuj Anand, Katarzyna Ancuta, Svend Andersen, Glenn Anderson, Raine Anderson, Pablo Angeles, Lorenzo Angeli, Malcolm Angell, Hillary Yeo Tsi Ann, Francois Antoine, Jeff P. Apczynski, Jane Apthorp, Christine Arboit, Ryan Arcus, Anthony Arendt, Georgy Arevshatov, Elisabeth Arko, Joakim Arnesson, Romain Arnoux, Clare Ashton, Daniel Ashton, Marc Ashton, Mia Askew, Oliver Askew, Rebecca Asquith, Myles Asseter, Atanas Atanasov, Andrew Atkinson, Kevin Atkinson, Aymeric Aute, Derrick Auyoung, Jarrod Avalos, Alvise Avati, Patrice Avery, Sergio Ayrosa, Adam Azmy, Jean-Luc Azzis, Scott Bachert, Sindharmawan Bachtiar, Buffy Bailey, Michael Bain, Jeffrey Baker, Simon Baker, Trent P.B. Baker, Felix Balbas, Robert Baldwin, Michael Baltazar, Ido Banai, Marco Barbati, Mark Barber, Leigh Barbier, Rebecca Barbour, Alex Barker, Lloyd Lee Barnett, Ned Barraud, Phil Barrenger, Daniel Barrett, Leonard Barrit, Michel Barrière, Jacob Barrow, Teresa Barsall, Daryl Bartley, David Basalla, Tom Baskaya, Lorenzo Basurto, Addison Bath, Charlie Batho, Peter Baustaedter, Bryn Bayliss, Tyler Hockett Baze, Hamish Beachman, Matt Beale, Paul Beaudry, Olivier Beaulieu, Kelly Bechtle-Woods, Lyse Beck, Lizi Bedford, Cory Bedwell, Kathleen Beeler, Brittany Bell, Hamish Bell, Paula Bell, David Bennett, James Bennett, Mannix Bennett, Michaël Bentitou, Jaime Bentley, Niki Bern, Jeremy Berruel, Didier Bertrand, Louise Bertrand, Jarnail Bhachu, Hitesh Bharadia, Udit Bhardwaj, Pravin Bhat, Shweta Bhatnagar, Hannah Bianchini, Erik Bierens, Kris Bieringa, Jason Billington, Graham Binding, Dudley Birch, Stacy Bissell, Sean Bittinger, Brad Blackbourn, Helen Blake, Mariano Blanc, Raphaele Blanchard, Thomas Bland, Dan Blank, Sarah Blank, Brian Blasiak, Christopher Blazick, Jeremy Bloch, Jennifer Bloomfield, Rufus Blow, Richard Bluff, Jorge Bobadilla Jr., Pavani Rao Boddapati, Michael Boden, Tamara Bogdanovic, Felipe Bohórquez, Thomas P. Bolt, Philip Bolty, Chris Bond, Albert Bonnefous, Frank Bonniwell, Alessandro Bonora, Nick Booth, Rene Borst, Nicole Bossier, Guy Botham, Jake Botting, Maryse Bouchard, Matt Bouchard, Antoine Bouthors, Katreena Erin Bowell, Ron Bowman, Matt Boyer, Tatjana Bozinovski, Federico Bozzano, Adam Bradley, Andre Braithwaite, Glen Bramley, Lee Bramwell, Christophe Brejon, Lynwen Brennan, Benjamin Brenneur, Kristie Breslin, Michael John Briden, Lee Briggs, A.J. Briones, Scott Brisbane, Amy Brodie, Loren Brookes, Jill Brooks, Andrew D.W. Brown, Chantell Brown, Kenneth Quinn Brown, Kimberly Brown, Nicholas Pierre Brown, Simon Brown, Tripp Brown, Dhyana Brummel, David Brunette, John Bruno, Timothy A. Bruns, Bertrand Bry-Marfaing, Mara Bryan, Julian Bryant, Tanya Buchanan, John Bucholtz, Andrew Buecker, Pierre Buffin, Daniel Buhigas, Sam Bui, Lukasz Bukowiecki, Matthew Bullock, Joerg W. Bungert, Clare Burgess, Zeke Burgess, T.J. Burke, Bryan Burright, Cathy Burrow, Alex Burt, Barbara Busch, Hans Butler, Julian R. Butler, Kurt Butler, Hamza Butt, Sam Buys, Robert Byrne, Thelvin Cabezas, Regina Cachuela, David Caeiro Cebrián, Djordje Cakovan, Michaela Calanchini, Andrew Calder, Sonia Calvert, Ben Campbell, Daniela Campos Little, Cedric Enriquez Canlas, Jeremy Cantor, Keanan Cantrell, Pete Capelluto, Jeff Capogreco, Marco Capparelli, Charley Carlat, Simon Carlile, Alex Carney, Ean Carr, Helen Carr, Ronan Carr, Taylor Carrasco, David Carriker, Todd Carson, Toni Pace Carstensen, Tami Carter, Andrea Castagnoli, Oliver Castle, Tim Catchpole, Norman Cates, Vaughn Cato, Myriam Catrin, Lanny Cermak, Luke Chamberlain, Scott Chambers, Ryan Champney, Adrian Chan, Johnny Chan, Leslie Chan, François Chancrin, Paul Chandler, Jung Min Chang, Kai Chang, Hamish Charleson, Daniel Chavez, Robert Marshall Cheatham, Jason Chen, Peter Chen, Tim Cheng, Jason K.S. Cheung, Simon Cheung, Vanessa Chiara, Yi-Hsuan Kent Chiu, Steve Cho, Nicolas Chombart, Hermann Chong, Crystal Choo, Raymond Chou, Amy Christensen, Tim Christensen, Mark Christiansen, Andrea Christie, Evan Christie, Glen Christie, Paul Claessens, Rhys Clapcott, Helen Clare, Craig D. Clarke, Hannah Clarke, Raymond Clarke, David Clayton, Gerald Clevy, Roberto Clochiatti, Simon Clutterbuck, Adam Cobabe, Sean Cody, Johann Francois Coetzee, Grady Cofer, Andrew M. Collins, Chuck Comisky, Peter Connelly, Pat Conran, Michael Conte, Paul Conway, Cameron Coombs, Chris Cooper, Gemma Cooper, Jay Cooper, Karin Cooper, Marc Cooper, R. Patrick Cooper, Shane Cooper, Joshua Cordes, Michael Cordova, Alessandro Costa, Brenton Cottman, Alasdair Coull, Andrei Coval, Evelyn Cover, Aaron Cowan, Jessica Cowley, Dan Cox, Joyce Cox, Michael Cox, Michael Cozens, Jan Philip Cramer, Nick Craven, Graham Cristie, Jim Croasdale, Steve Cronin, Joanie Croteau, Aaron Cubis, Alexia Cui, Steve Cullingford, John Curtis, Kevin Cushing, Sean Cushing, Beth D Amato, Scott Dace, Rif Dagher, Marie-Cecile Dahan, Christophe Damiano, Nick Damico, Jayandera Danappal, Marion Davey, Shane Davidson, Cara Tallulha Davies, Mark Davies, Anthony Davis, Joanna Davison, Nathan Dawson, Aurore de Blois, Don De Castro, Marc de Castro, Mario de Dios, Melissa De Santis, Stephen Deane, Paul Debevec, Bradford deCaussin, James Dee, Virginie Degorgue, Tom Del Campo, Chris Del Conte, Thierry Delattre, Peter Demarest, Graeme Demmocks, Glenn Derry, Rob Derry, Antoine Deschamps, Rahul Deshprabhu, David Deuber, Richard Dexter, Michael Di Como, Marco Di Lucca, Tamir Sammy Diab, Robert Diaz, Corey Dimond, Gareth Dinneen, James Dinsdale, Keila N. DiPietro, Tim Dobbert, Darryl Doherty, Colin Doncaster, Tim Donlevy, Tim Douglas, Rebecca Downes, James Doyle, Samuel Doyle, Nebojsa Dragosavac, Jan Dubberke, Conrad Dueck, Lafleche Dumais, Ryan Duncan, Samuel Duncan, Simeon Duncombe, Shawn Dunn, Kalene Dunsmoor, Mathieu Dupuis, Yanick Dusseault, William Dwelly, Frank Dürschinger, Scott Eade, Tim Ebling, Jody Echegaray, Areito Echevarria, Austin Eddy, Selwyn Eddy, Erich Eder, Benny Edlund, Christopher Edwards, Curtis Edwards, David Edwards, Sam Edwards, Samuel Edwards, Hassan El Youbi, Aaron Elder, Jack Elder, Tamer Eldib, Kate Ellis, Will Elsdale, Adam J. Ely, Warner Emery, Chrissie England, Nick Epstein, Marcus Erbar, Karl Erlandsen, Trina Espinoza, Kevin Estey, Christopher Evans, Stephen Evans, Paul Everitt, Oliver Exmundo, Devin Fairbairn, Campbell Taylor Fairweather, Xou Fang, Alison Farmer, Nathan Farquhar, Luca Fascione, Ramahan Faulk, Conny Fauser, Jonathan Fawkner, Samy Fecih, Christine Feistl, Tom Fejes, Oliver Ferguson, Eric Fernandes, Jessica Fernandes, Florian Fernandez, Audrey Ferrara, Adrian Ferrnandes, David Feuillatre, Nikolas Filer, Simon Fillat, Michael L. Fink, David Fish, Brian Fisher, Darius Fisher, Matt Fitzgerald, Shine Fitzner, Kristina Flach, Jean-Pierre Flayeux, James D. Fleming, Jason Fleming, Liana Fleming, Brian Flynn, Dave Fogler, Rémi Fontan, Nicola Fontana, Sally Ford, Chris Foreman, Ben Forster, Jeremy Fort, Tim Fortenberry, Jenny Foster, Dan Fowler, Guillaume Fradin, Bruce Franklin, Zachary Franks, Rod Fransham, Richard Frazer, Chris Fregoso, Robert A.D. Frick, Ben Frost, Johan Fröjd, James Furlong, Christian Furr, Nick Gabchenko, Chris Gaede, Aldo Gagliardi, Jason Galeon, Stefan Galleithner, Jay Gambell, George Gambetta, Lauren Manuel Garcia Carro, Kenneth Garcia, Melissa Garza, Mitch Gates, Yanick Gaudreau, Nicholas Gaul, Mark Gee, Francois Gendron, Joshua Gengler, Chris George, Reece Geraghty, Danny Geurtsen, Adam Ghering, Reza Ghobadi nic, Abhijeet Ghosh, Mathew Giampa, Noah Gift, Aaron Gilman, Kenneth Gimpelson, Charlyn Go, Alessandro Gobbetti, Peter Godden, Ian Godin, James Godinet, Megan Goldbeck, Marissa Gomes, Elias Gonzalez, Sergio A. Gonzalez, Maria Goodale, Brian Goodwin, Marcus Goodwin, David Gottlieb, Matthieu Goutte, Nick Grace, Pierre Grage, Eduardo Graña, Tom Greally, Jack Greasley, Stephen Greenberg, Tom Greene, Andrew Greenlee, Belinda Griffiths, Eric Grimenstein, Jason Grindlay, Theodor Groeneboom, Martin Groezinger, Rebs Guarina, Ummi Gudjonsson, Miguel A. Guerrero, Steve Guevara, Mike Gunn, Paul Gunn, Deepak Gupta, Myléne Guérin, Bassim Haddad, Geoff Hadfield, Mark Haenga, Adam Haggiag, Tim Haigh, Mikael Hakansson, Anne Hall, Ben Hall, Michelle Renee Hall, Martin Halle, Nick Hamilton, David Hampton, Heather Han, Giles Hancock, Makiko Handa, Chris Haney, Jason Hannen-Williams, Michael Harden, Erina Harding, Chris Hardman, Steve Hardy, Yoshihiro Harimoto, Joe Harkins, James Harmer, John William Harnagel, Fred Haro, Adam Harriman, Dustin Harrison, Toby Haruno, Jo Harvell, Albert Hastings, Ben Hatton, Chris Havreberg, Ed Hawkins, Trevor Hazel, Niles Heckman, G.G. Heitmann Demers, Quentin Hema, Allen Hemberger, Ngoc Heng, Andrew Hepp, Kurt Herbel, Rachel Herbert, Tulio Hernandez, Jon Hertzig, Alex Hessler, Tim Hey, Kela Hicks, Matthew Hicks, Martin Hill, Peter Hillman, Leo Hills, Christian Hipp, Sherry Hitch, Tyler Hockett, Sam Hodge, Alan Hodges, Chloe Holbrook, Bruce Holcomb, Matt Holland, Robin Hollander, Aaron Holly, Amy Hollywood Wixson, Julie Holmes, Mark L. Holmes, Matt Holmes, Rudi Holzapfel, Teijo Holzer, Tom Holzinger, John Homer, Nadine Homier, Pedro Honess, Nathan Hopkins, Richard Hopkins, Paul Hormis, Daniel Hornick, Erin Horton, Kathryn Horton, Christopher Horvath, David Houghton-Williams, Katie Houston, Sandy Houston, Jen Howard, Susan Howard, Venti Hristova, Florian Hu, Nickie Huai, Victor Huang, Robert Hubbard, Roja Huchez, Tripp Hudson, Nikki Hughes, Lina Hum, Sherryn Hunt, Peg Hunter, Philip Hunter, Radford Hurn, Katherine Hurst, Chris Husson, Neil Huxley, Rachel Hydes, Cajun Hylton, Corrado Ianiri, Changeui Im, Michael Inchalik, Mark Intravartolo, Robyn Isaacs, Anthony Max Ivins, Christopher Ivins, Travis Wade Ivy, Ian Jack, Jiri Jacknowitz, Myles Jackson, Shane Jackson, James Jacobs, Mike Jahnke, Claire N. James, Mel James, Patrick Jarvis, Kimberly Jase, Jaime Jasso, Malik Jayawardena, Kirsten Jelliffe, Helen Jen, Paul Jenness, Gareth J. Jensen, Mikael Jaeger Jensen, Nathan Johnson, Gios Johnston, Amanda Johnstone-Batt, Andrew R. Jones, Danny Jones, Dave Jones, Justin Jones, Ryan Jones, Tim Jones, Trent Jones, William Jones, Marchand Jooste, Byung Gun Jung, Simon Jung, Kory Juul, Christian Kaestner, Sandip Kalsy, Patrick Kalyn, Miae Kang, Samson Kao, Joseph Kasparian, Katrina Kaufman, Paul Kavanagh, Volodymyr Kazantsev, Peng Ke, Tim Keene, Val Keller, Paddy Kelly, Shane Kemp, Michael Kennedy, Cheryl Kerr, Christian Kesler, Jenny Kess, Shahzad Khan, Steven Anthony Khoury, Yasmin Khudari, Brook Kievit, Sigtor Kildal, Anne Kim, Jiwoon Kim, Ki-Hyun Kim, Heather Kinaston-Smith, Adam King, Balazs Kiss, Susie Kleis, Ed Knight, James Knight, John Knoll, Hilmar Koch, Sergei Koudriautsev, Jakob Kousholt, Lina Kouznetsova, Lonnie Kraatz, Manfred Kraemer, Alex Kramer, Lars Kramer, Dmitri Krasnokoutski, Marshall Richard Krasser, Heath Kraynak, Dave Kujawski, Nicha Kumkeaw, Jerry Kung, Ayako Kuroda, René Kuys, Frankie Kwak, Wing Kwok, Anouk L Heureux, Laurent Laban, Jason Labbe, Todd Labonte, Keith Lackey, Alain Lacroix, Laure Lacroix, Alain Lalanne, Mathieu Lalonde, Eric Lalumiere, Billy-Vu Lam, Po Yuen Lam, Andrew Lambert, Ben Lambert, Nancy Lamontagne, Vassilios Lanaris, Donna Lanasa, Charlotte Laney, Debbie Langford, Maggie Langley, Alexandra Lanzensberger, Michael Lanzensberger, François Laroche, Mathias Larserud, Kimberly Lashbrook, Kevin Lau, Laurent Launes, Luisma Lavin, Asier Hernaez Lavina, Stephen Lawes, Jason Lazaroff, David Leach, Rickie Leach, Aaron Lear, Ryan Leasher, Chet Leavai, Peter Leber, Kim LeBrane, Mathieu Leclaire, Daniel Leduc, Francois Leduc, Alexander K. Lee, Jake Lee, Jinwoo Lee, Seong Kyun Lee, Seung-Hun Lee, Sun Jin Lee, Eric D Legare, Robert Legato, Simon Legrand, Eric Leidenroth, Casey Leming, Dan Lemmon, Jon Lemmon, Iva Lenard, Snowy Leo, Phillip Leonhardt, Tom Lepp, Michael Lester, Joe Letteri, Shahar Levavi, John M. Levin, Dean Lewandowski, Greg Lewis, J.P. Lewis, Gretchen Libby, Brice Liesveld, Mingzhi Lin, Virginie Lin, Mattias Lindkvist, John Lindstein, Kimberley Liptrap, Chishan Liu, James Liu, Xiahong Liu, Michael Lloyd, Wendy Lloyd, EungHo Lo, Steven Lo, Thomas Sing Wai Lo, Daniel Loeb, Andy Lomas, Daniel Lond, Lance Lones, Nick Long, Keir Longden, Jim Longhurst, Luke Longin, Zoe Lord, Jade Lorier, Bill Lorton, Geoff Lou, Jennifer Loughnan, Charlotte Loughnane, Justin Louis, Olivier Lourry, Ben Love, Ruth-Anne Loveridge, Georgia Lovering, Boon Hean Low, James Lu, Jacob Luamanuvae, Robyn Luckham, David Luke, Daniel Lynch, Wan-Chun Alex Ma, Andreas Maaninka, Daniel Macarin, Frank Macfarlane, Keith MacGowan, Matthew Machnee, Martin Macrae, Damien Macé, Matt Madden, Sarath Madhavan, Carol Madrigal, Oleg Magrisso, Greg Maguire, Stephane Mailet, Daisuke Maki, Aron Makkai, Ronald Mallet, Rebecca Manning, Jade Mansueto, Christopher Marino, Sebastian Marino, Nic Marrison, David Marsh, Gary Marshall, Tia L. Marshall, Richard Martin, Leonardo Martinez, Marcel Martinez, Daniel Marwick, Richard Mason, Ray Massa, Nicole Mather, Kent Matheson, Sarah Mattes, Iain Matthews, Jean Matthews, Christoph Matthiesen, Raphael Matto, Ambre Maurin, Scott May, Richard McBride, Michael McCabe, Chris McClintock, Brett McConnell, Don Mccoy, Steve McGee, Steve McGillen, Peter James McGrattan, Jeremy McKenzie, Nick McKenzie, Richard McKenzie, Greg McKinley, Nigel McKissock, Brett McLaughlin, Chloe McLean, Tristan McMahon, John McMechan, Brian McMillin, Donal McMullan, Renton McNeill, Tony Meagher, Frederic Medioni, Peter Megow, Hitesh Kumar Mehra, Daniel Meighan, James Meikle, Maurizio Memoli, Ronnie Menahem, Matthias Menz, Tory Mercer, Andrea Merlo, Steven Messing, Francois Metivier, Joseph Metten, Christoph Meyer, David Michaels, Tom Mikota, Craig Daniel Mildenhall, Goran Milic, Simon Millanta, Jessica Millar, Luke Millar, Keith Miller, Lori C. Miller, Ron E.J. Miller, Seth F. Miller, Christopher Mills, Nathan Millsap, Jim Milton, Jonathan Mitchell, Saki Mitchell, Curt I. Miyashiro, Kaori Miyazawa, Andrew Moffett, Sasha Mohelnitzky, Robert Molholm, Dejan Momcilovic, Alberto Montañés, Lennon Montejo, Joao Montenegro, Thomas Montminy Brodeur, Carlos Monzon, Steven Moor, James Moore, Richard John Moore, Steve R. Moore, Geronimo Moralez, Eroc Moralls, Eileen Moran, Ben Morgan, Erik Morgansen, Andrew Morley, Simon Dean Morley, Carla Morris, David Manos Morris, William Morrison, Aaron Morton, Darren A. Mosher, Bo Mosley, Chris Moss, Giuseppe Motta, Antoine Moulineau, Martin Mousseau, Daniel Moy, Alessandro Mozzato, David Antonin Mucci, Matt Mueller, Timothy Mueller, Yvonne Muinde, Nicky Muir, Michael Mulholland, Arwen Munro, Gayle Munro, Matthew Muntean, Daryl Munton, Hiroaki Muramoto, Ken Murano, Michel Murdock, Connor Murphy, Myles Murphy, Patrick Murphy, Ben Murray, Brendan Murray, Nolan Murtha, Ben Myers, Alfred Mürrle, Marcell Nagy, David Nakabayashi, Kenneth Nakada, Kiyoyuki Nakagaki, Serena Rainbow Naramore, Elaine Naspo, Salima Needham, Andreas Nehls, Matt Nelson, Mark Nettleton, Sergei Nevshupov, Marla Newall, Jeff Newton, Chun Seong Ng, Nikora Ngaropo, Tim Nicholas, James Nicholl, Carlos-Christian Nickel, Peter Nicolai, Laura Lumpuy Nicolas, Wolfgang Niedermeier, Ben Nightingale, Motoki Nishii, Thomas Nittmann, Stephen Nixon, Gary Noble, Nicolas-Alexandre Noel, Peti Nohotima, Bob Nolty, Jennifer Maryam Nona, Marcus Nordenstam, Mark Norrie, Keven Norris, Ian Northrop, Greg Notzelman, Alexander Nowotny, Ben O Brien, Winfield O Brien, Jane O Callaghan, Sean O Connor, Mike O Neill, Robert O Neill, Kevin O Sullivan, Mike Oakley, Paul Oakley, Cyndi Ochs, James Ogle, Anton Ognyev, Eric Oliver, George Oliver, John Paul Olmstead, Conrad Olson, Tor-Bjorn Olsson, Benjamin Orange, Akira Orikasa, James Orlik, Rob Ormond, Mark Osborne, David Owen, Scott Owen, Cosku Ozdemir, Molly Pabian, Filippo Paganoni, Luis Pages, Maricel Pagulayan, Stephen Painter, William Paley, Abhishek Pandian, Jacopo Pantaleoni, Schuyler Pappas, Jonathan Paquin, Bruno Parenti, Jee Young Park, Sujin Park, Jesse Parkhill, Hunter Parks, Collin Maxfield Parrish, Johnny Parsons, Steve Parsons, Marino Pascual, Eddie Pasquarello, Rutul Patel Nair, Manasi Patel, John A. Patterson, Helen Paul, Stephen J. Pavelski, Chris Payne, Luis F. Pazos, Emily Pearce, Geoff Pedder, Tom Pegg, Steve Pelchat, Stuart Penn, Sam Penrose, Elliott Perrigo, Angelo Perrotta, Mike Perry, Dana Peters, Nicolas Petit, Borislav Petrov, Frank Losasso Petterson, Ignacio B. Peña, Andy Phillips, David Phillips, Tomek Piatek, Patrick Piche, Timothy Pick, Jeremy Pickett, Tricia Pifer, Ryan Pilcher, Jorge Pimentel, Olivier Pinol, Anthony Pintor, Rafi Pogosyan, Ron Pogue, Melvin Polayah, Jason Pomerantz, Felix Pomeranz, Jessica Ponte, Charles Pottier, Oleksiy Pozikov, Sam Prebble, Thomas Prebble, Dave Preciado, Niklas Preston, Scott Prior, Sonia Pronovost, Aled Prosser, Howard Protheroe, Matthew Provost, Robin Prybil, Mark Pullyblank, Brett Purmal, Eddy Purnomo, Lucas Putnam, Simon Quach, Steven Quale, Ryan J. Quinlan, Edward Quintero, Heribert Raab, Chris Radcliffe, Gunnar Radeloff, Ula Rademeyer, Pascal Raimbault, Richard Raimbault, Crystal Rainone, Michael Ralla, Arun Ram-Mohan, Vidya Raman, Kade Ramsey, Troy Ramsey, Shane Rangi, Ellen Rappenecker, Jennah Rasmussen, Craig Douglas Rattray, Jason Rau, Dav Rauch, Dipak Raval, Rick Ravenell, Steve Rawlins, Pierre Raymond, Philippe Rebours, Paul Redican, Chris Reece, Phillip Reed, Raine Reen, Sarah Reese-Edwards, Saul Reid, Chloe Elise Reilly, Brian Reimer, Arkadiusz Rekita, Michael Rempel, Stephan Remstedt, Jay Renner, Julia Retson, Marco Revelant, Robin Reyer, Eric Reynolds, Jonathan Reynolds, Marc Rice, Michael Rich, Mark Richardson, Nicholas Richter, Steve Riera, Jessica Riewe, Matthew Riordan, Anthony Rispoli, Anne Ritter, Gizmo Rivera, Andrew Roberts, Paul-George H. Roberts, Shane Roberts, John Roberts-Cox, Dylan Robinson, Anastasio Rodriguez, Elsa Rodriguez, Juan Rodriguez, Andreas Rohr, Petr Rohr, Kevin Romond, Jaz Rongokea, Philip Rosado, Andrew Rose, Stephen Rosenbaum, Steve Rosenbluth, Alan Rosenfeld, Jonathan Rothbart, Stephen Roucher, David Rouxel, Rajat Roy, Luaan Ruaine, Jance Rubinchik, Garry Runke, Liam Russell, Duane Rutkowski, Paul Ryan, Bill Ryder, Frank Sabia Jr., Matthew Sabourin, Jalil Sadool, Krystal Sae Eua, Barry Safley, Justine Sagar, Mark Sagar, Karim Sahai, Ai Saimoto, Eric Saindon, Florian Salanova, Juan Salazar, Gregory Salter, Lucas Salton, Jeff Saltzman, Julian Salvador, Christoph Salzmann, Jose Samson, Adrian Samuels, Mahria Sangster, Nando Santana, Saul Santell, Alessandro Saponi, Michael Sarkis, Steve Sauers, Yadana Saw, Casey Schatz, Jennifer Lee Scheer, Caterina Schiffers, Astrid Scholte, Jennifer Schoo, Marcus Schoo, Durant Schoon, Morning Star Schott, York N. Schueller, Jens Schwarz, Rob Sclater, Timothy Scollard, Penelope Scott, Bryan Searing, László Sebõ, Romain Bivar Segurado, Anselm Seherr-Thoss, Brad Selkirk, Jerry Sells, Paolo Emilio Selva, Laura Sevilla, Paul Seyb, Amir Shachar, Marnie Shachar, Thrain Shadbolt, Foad Shah, Avital Shalev, Sally Shanahan, Adam Shand, Amy Shand, Glen Sharah, Janet Sharpe, Sam Sharplin, Jane Sharvina, Adam Shelton, David Shere, Kevin L. Sherwood, Al Shier, Thomas Shin, Toshi Shiozawa, David Short, Roger Shortt, Robert Shrider, Ben Shupe, Jarom Sidwell, John Sigurdson, Bobby Silman, Poppy Sinclair-Lockhart, Aaron Singer, Kawaldeep Singh, Nick Sinnott, Chrystia Siolkowsky, Gershom Sissing, Joao Sita, Navin Sk, Brett Skinner, Olaf Skjenna, Adam Slater, Michael Slater, Kim Slattery, Matt Sloan, Howard Sly, Layne Small, Lori Smallwood, Stephen Smart, Adam Brett Smith, Cam Barrett Smith, Cameron Smith, Cole Smith, Daniel Jacob Smith, Kevin Andrew Smith, Kieran Smith, Laurence Smith, Ryan T. Smolarek, Sean Snyders, Jason Snyman, Olivier Soares, Laurent Solignac, Jerome Solomon, John Sore, Jim Soukup, Eric Soulvie, Frederic Soumagnas, Rony Soussan, Tom Southall, Michael Spence, Jonas Sperl, Kyle Spiker, Holger Spill, Clint Spillers, Bill Spradlin, Christoph Sprenger, Guillaume St-Aubin-Seers, Wayne Stables, Piotr Stanczyk, Mark Stanger, Brett Stapleton-French, Chris Starwalt, Justin Steel, Albrecht Steinmetz, Jason Stellwag, Grace Stephens, Jacob Stephens, Mike Stevens, Nickolas Stevens, Joe Woodward Stevenson, Tim Stevenson, John Stevenson-Galvin, Shar Stewart, David Stinnett, Matteo Stirati, Wilson Stockman, Justin Stockton, Rainer Stolle, Paul Story, Fenella Stratton, Rosalind Stratton, Colin Strause, Greg Strause, Ileana Stravoskiadi, David Philip Stripinis, Florian Strobl, Jeanne Stuart, Petra Stueben, Timothy Stutts, Stephen Suettinger, Francois Sugny, Steve Sullivan, James Sutton, Tammy Sutton, Malino Suzuki, Masaya Suzuki, Matsune Suzuki, Prapanch Swamy, Jonathan Swartz, James Sweeney, David Swift, Mary Swinnerton, Raqi Syed, Sebastian Sylwan, Peter Syomka, Ewa Szczepaniak, Peter Szewczyk, Brian Taber, Gaku Tada, Giuseppe Tagliavini, Charles Tait, Mark Tait, Michael Takarangi, Bee Jin Tan, Michael Tandecki, Eric Tang, Craig Tanner, Anne Taunga, Andrew Taylor, Sandy Taylor, Sunny Teich, Eteuati Tema, Svetlana Tesnes, Philippe Theroux, Shannon Thomas, Malcolm Thomas-Gustave, Ben Thompson, Gavyn Thompson, Lindsay Thompson, Ty Thomson, Rupert Thorpe, Caroline Thoumire, Kimball Thurston, Xiao Tian, Pär Tingström, Geoff Tobin, Paul Tobyansen, Michael Todd, Brian Tolle, Mathilde Tollec, Steven Tom, Shigeharu Tomotoshi, Jason Dare Tong, Ferdinand Torres, Daniele Tosti, Chris Toth, Adrien Toupet, Greg Towner, Allen Tracy, Kate Trafford, Phi Tran, Tong Tran, Wayne Traudt, Alan Travis, Diego Trazzi, Marco Tremblay, Véronique Tremblay, Sara Trezzi, Nataliya Tsyganok, Eli Tucker, Andrew Turner, Ben Turner, Dawn Turner, Natasha Turner, Jon Tyler, Yusei Uesugi, Jeff Unay, Riaan Underwood, Andres Uribe, Arthur Vail III, George Vajna, Tharyn Valavanis, René van De Poel, Mark van den Bergen, James Van Der Reyden, Phil Van Der Reyden, N Cee Van Heerden, John van Leeuwen, Olivier Van Zeveren, Kara Vandeleur, Mike VaVerka, Todd Vaziri, Marci Velando, Noah Vice, Carlos A. Vidal, Marco Vidaurre, Giuliano Dionisio Vigano, Robert Vignone, Andreas Vrhovsek, Andreja Vuckovic, Tim Waddy, Daniel Wade, Mark Wainwright, Wiki Waitai, Simon Wakley, Maggie Walby, Heide Waldbaum, Chris Walker, Sean Noel Walker, Shawn Wallbridge, Kelly Walsh, Michael M. Walsh, K. Marie Walters, Kevin Wang, Erick Ward, Ian Ward, Robert Ward, Tim Ward, David Washburn, Talmage Watson, Robert Weaver, Tim Webber, Tam Webster, Tova Weinberg, David Weitzberg, Christopher Welch, Matt Welford, Kenneth Wells, Conal Wenn, Dan Wheaton, Ari Wheoki, Jerry Whitaker, Ben White, R. Christopher White, Andy Whittock, Lisa Wildermoth, Ed Wilkie, Jo Wilkie, Brett Wilkins, Fraser Wilkinson, Alicia Williams, C. Jerome Williams, Edson Williams, Gavin Williams, Guy Williams, Pete Williams, Rachel Williams, James Willingham III, Aaron Wilson, Mark Wilson, Nicholas Wilson, Sarah Wilson, Greg Wilton, Erik Winquist, Chris Winter, Garrett Winters, Teresa Winters, Rob Woiwod, Jedrzej Wojtowicz, Andy Wong, Jasmine Wong, Kevin Wong, Paul Marcus Wong, Roger Wong, Loeng Wong-Savun, Graham Wood, Ron Woodall, Clare Woodford-Robinson, Alan Woods, Alexander Wregg, David Wright, Malcolm Wright, Jessica Wu, Annette Wullems, Piotr Fox Wysocki, Xian Xiao, Vincent Yan, Genevieve Yee, Dennis Yoo, Chris Young, Elliott Young, John Young, Joyce Young, Mark Young, Marvyn Young, Tim Young, Scott Younkin, Dean Yurke, Fabio Zangla, Hubert Zapalowicz, Marzena Zareba, Michael Zavala, John Zdankiewicz, Matthias Zeller, Mohand Zennadi, Laura Zentil, Daniel Zettl, Paolo Joel Ziemba, Jerry Zigounakis, Rita E. Zimmerman, Rob Zohrab, Corina L. Zuniga, Rainer Zöttl, Johan Åberg, Ian Adams, Steven Adams, Timo Aila, Brad Alexander, Antony Allen, Casey Allen, Melissa Almeida, Joe Ardent, Spencer Armajo, Marc Aubry, Jeffrey Edward Baksinski, Manjusha Balachandran-Hall, Mauro Baldissera, Valdimar Baldvinsson, Ravi Bansal, Magali Barbé, Patrice-Alain Barrette, David Bawel, Greg Beaumonte, Daniel Belair, Rodrigo Bernardo, Michael Best, John-Michael Bills, Derek Bird, Matthias Bjarnason, Pierre Blain, Jason Bohbot, Cédric Bonnaffoux, Michael Bovberg, Jason Brackett, Christoph Bregler, Marty Brenneis, Caroline Brien, Julian Bryant, Caroline Bélisle, Steve Cady, Marshall Candland, Michael Capton, Gabriel Cassata, Andrew Cawrse, Malavika Chandrakanth, Ian Chriss, Paul Churchill, Graham D. Clark, Trent Claus, Rebecca Clay, Matt Conway, Dan Copping, Mélanie Cotton, Aaron Cullen, Nick D Abo, Greg Davies, Aurore de Blois, Don De Castro, Ayse Dedeoglu, Jacques Defontaine, Yoshi DeHerrera, Francisco DeLaTorre, Steve Dellerson, Bernie Demolski, Jérôme Derien, Luc Desmarais, Anouk Deveault-Moreau, Jessica Dhillon, Marco Di Lucca, Carla Diamond, André Doan, Becca Donohoe, Jeff Dotson, John Doublestein, Andrew Doucette, Willem Drees, Wilfred Driscoll, Patricia Rose Duignan, William J. Earl, Richard Edwards, Andrew S. Eisen, Dwayne Lance Elahie, Mohsen Eletreby, Daniel Elophe, Joe Engelke, Christopher Evans, Daniel Evans, Katie Fellion, Karl Fornander, Tim Fortenberry, Fiona Foster, Marissa Fraering, Philip Fraschetti, Brian Freisinger, Carl Frischmuth, Anthony Fung, Eric Galoob, Eric Gambini, Rob Garner, Demitre Garza, Audrey Geoffroy, Adam Gerstel, Stephan Gervais, Buddy Gheen, Jami Gigot, Rachel Gilkison, Elan Glasser, Aurélien Grand, Michael Grawert, Sebastian Greese, Daniel D. Gregoire, Jon Grinberg, Florian Grolier, Veronique Guay, Steve Guevara, Amélie Guyot, Stefan Habel, Brian Hajek, Neal Halter, Tim Harrington, Chris Harvey, Adam Hawkes, Karsten Hecker, Mike F. Hedayati, Jason Heinze, Geoff Heron, Maung Maung Hla Win, Kay Hoddy, Mark L. Holmes, Rudi Holzapfel, Daphné Hong, Chris Hopkins, Jean-Francois Houde, George Hull, Christoffer Hulusjö, Nathan Hurlburt, Rachel Hydes, Pasha Ivanov, Amy Elizabeth James, Malik Jayawardena, Brad Jerrell, Steven Qi Jin, Brad Kalinoski, Gregory Karydis, Patrick Kavanaugh, Danny Keller, John Kilkenny, Rikki Knight-Trembath, Bastiaan Koch, Joshua I. Kolden, Sean Konrad, Daniel Kruse, John Kubasco, Jerry Kung, Nicolas Labbe, Julien-Alexandre Lambert, Gary Laurie, Sun Lee, Winston Lee, Katie Legato, Robert Legato, Samuel Lepage-Bedard, Joe Letteri, Andrew H. Leung, Danny Levesque, Dave Levine, John Peter Li, Erik Liles, Martine Losier, Joachim Loubeau, Tony Lupoi, Alfredo Luzardo, Merlin Bela Wassiij Maertz, Jocelyn Maher, Stephane Mailet, Mario Margott, Leonardo Martinez, Luke Massingberd, Ian Mathews, Christoph Matthiesen, Steve McGee, Joseph McLamb, Tony Meagher, Landon Medeiros, Ronnie Menahem, Christophe Meslin, Fred Meyers, Scott Michelson, Steven Miller, Chris Mitchell, Christian Morin, Jean-Francois Morissette, Michelle Motta, Ryan Mullany, Kevin Mullin, Sergio Najera, Bardiya Nasoodi Shoar, Bruce Nelson, Nicolas Nepveu, Talon Nightshade, Chris Nix, Sam Nixon, Brian Nugent, Ben O Brien, Jeffrey Odell, Robert Olsson, James Orlik, David A. Ostler, Olivier Painchaud, Andrew Palmer, Eugene Paluso, Stéphane Paradis, Shawn Parker, Clark Parkhurst, James Parsons, Richard A. Payne, Chris Peariso, Jan Pfenninger, Daniel Pickering, Laurent Pierrat, Anthony Pintor, Vance Piper, Emrys Plaisted, John Polyson, Stewart Pomeroy, Sky Poole, Robert C. Powers, Yann Provencher, Jean-Colas Prunier, Mark Prusten, Romain Puybasset, M. Qin, Sagar Rathod, Wajid Raza, Morgan Rhodes, Grover Richardson, Sébastien Rioux, David Roberge, Dave Robinson, Jacqueline Rosado, Martin Rosenberg, Brogan Ross, Guillaume Ruegg, Migs Rustia, Jerome Samson, Mike Sanders, Katy Savoie, Chad Schott, Andrew Schwartz, Kino Scialabba, Madeleine Scott-Spencer, Anselm Seherr-Thoss, Jaeil Seo, Aatesh Shah, Michael Shand, Chris Shellenberger, Ryan Sheridan, Thomas Shin, Randal Shore, Chuck Shuman, Anna Silvey, Marc Smith, Jessica Soderstrom, Nathan Srigley, Marcin Stangel, Paul Stemmer, Jeremiah Sweeney, Josef Sy, Julien Tagodoe, Takashi Takeoka, Sylvie Talbot, Chu Tang, Gaetan Thiffault, Michael Adam Thompson, Ty Thomson, Jon Tojek, Jason Dare Tong, Marc Toscano, Anne Tremblay, Yves Tremblay, Guy Trevers, Arnaud Trouvé, Denis Trutanic, Raphael Valle, Mike VaVerka, Celine Velasco, Chris Ventress, Jan Verberg, Jocelyn Vincent, Stephane Vogel, Sean Noel Walker, Kevin Wallace, Mike Wallis, Kevin Wang, Erick Ward, Sean Wehrli, Chris Wells, Lukas Weyandt, Conrad Wiebe, Stephen Willey, Debra Wilson, Steven D. Wolff, Jeff Wozniak, Malcolm Wright, Hiroyuki David Yabu, Kazuyoshi Yamagiwa, Kwan Wayne Yu Yee, Jen Hao Yeh, Deborah Zadzora, Ramy Zaouai, Paolo Joel Ziemba, Jerry Zigounakis, Ryan Zuttermeister
Stunts	Hank Amos, Stella Angelova, Simone Bargetze, Ryan Brown, Ryan Carey, Justin B. Carter, Ilram Choi, Rodney Cook, Jahnel Curfman, Jeff Dashnaw, Shane Dawson, Richard Epper, Colin Follenweider, Siaosi Fonua, Mark Ginther, Rayner Jahnke, Reuben Langdon, Nito Larioza, Tony Marsh, Allan Poppleton, Jason Rodriguez, Vincent Roxburgh, David Schultz, Stuart Thorp, Frank Torres, Steve Upton, Alicia Vela-Bailey, Garrett Warren, Min Windle, Robert Young, Bradley James Allan, Jonathan Arthur, Clayton J. Barber, Erik Betts, Troy Brenna, Chris Brewster, Dan Brown, Joe Bucaro III, Keith Campbell, Sebastiano Cartier, Alex Chansky, Lateef Crowder, Shawn Crowder, Rockey Dickey Jr., Peter Dillon, Brennan Dyson, Christian J. Fletcher, Sean Graham, Adam Hart, Albert Heimuli, Casey Hendershot, Precious Jenkins, Jesse V. Johnson, Baz Karbouris, Ralf Koch, Hiro Koda, Theo Kypri, Thomas J. Larsen, Christopher Leps, Victor Lopez, Brian Machleit, Kirk Maxwell, Joseph Mika-Hunt, Marty Murray, Mark Musashi, Terry Notary, Casey O Neill, Andy Owen, Michael Owen, J.J. Perry, Daniel Rathbon, Ernie Reyes Jr., Woody Schultz, Dan Southworth, Jacob Tomuri, Aaron Toney, Ryan Watson, Morgan Williams, Scott Workman
Camera and Electrical Department	Taipua Adams, Dave Anderson, Matt Andrews, Kane Asher, Andrew Ayrton, Glen Ayrton, Richard Bluck, Darren Bradnock, Michael Braid, David Brown, Mark Brown, Robert Brunelle, John Buckley, Nigel Burton, Chris Chandler, Giles Coburn, Jamie Couper, Chris Culliton, Roberto De Angelis, David Emmerichs, Paul Farley, Ants Farrell, Roger Feenstra, Mark Fellman, Frank Fisher, Sam Fordham, Brendon Frank, Huw Griffiths, Grant Harvey, Conrad Hawkins, Danny Hernadez, Daniel A Hernandez, Dennis Hoerter, Brenden Holster, Will Hutchinson, Ben Vere Jones, Ross Jones, Warren Jones, James Kearney, Tony Keddy, Ian Kelly, Sean Kelly, Vernon Kifer, Richard Mall, Peter Mansell, Henare Mato, Dean McCarroll, Kevin McGill, Garth Michael, Dan Moore, Reuben Morrison, Gerald Morse, Chris Murphy, Jason Naran, Jesse Neville, Mark Newnham, Larry Nielsen, Ryan O Donnell, Vince Pace, Michael Pagen, Warrick Peace, Nigel Percy, Chris Pert, A.J. Raitano, Jason Rei, Steve Renwick, Donald Reynolds Jr., Jason Robertson, Rohan Satyanand, Richard Saxon, Lee Scott, Damon Selkirk, Matthew Sharp, David Shaw, Ryan Sheridan, Chris Smailes, Philip A.T. Smith, Byron Sparrow, Scott Sprague, Michael Taylor, Ben Thurston, Manning Tillman, Edward Tyrie, Steve Unwin, Hansel Verkerk, Simon Ward, Kirby Washington, Anthony Waterhouse, Keith Watkins, Glen Watts, Anthony Weinberg, Alan Wilson, Daniel Wilson, Ian Worthington, Daimon Wright, Jonathan S. Abrams, Noah Bishop, Jeremy Brussell, Patrick Campbell, Kenny Carceller, Richard L. Carden, Alfred Castillo, Eduardo Castillo-Visani, Jeffrey A. Cook, Mark J. Coyne, Britt Cyrus, Gary Dahlquist, Roberto De Angelis, Lance Dickinson, Adam Francis, Steve Freebairn, Brian Garbellini, Jonathan Hall, Nathan Haugaard, Dale Hunter, April Kelley, Gary Lowrance, Eoin O Liddigh, Nolan Pratt, Rick Pratt, Dennis Rogers, Jim Shelton, Frank R. Sims, Jeff Sturgill, Jon Sudtell, James Monroe Tharp Jr., Zach Thomson, Maxwell Thorpe, Daniel P. Venti, Chris Wagganer, Chris Weigand, Vance Wiese, R. Michael Yope, Giovanni Zelko
Animation Department	Richard Baneham, Gerald Clevy, Neil Glasbey, Jean-Denis Haas, Jeremy Hollobon, Anthony McIndoe, Robert McIntosh, Orlando Meunier, Ben Sanders, Andrew Silke, Taisuke Tanimura, Danny Testani, Hope Omen Ferdowsi, Miguel A. Fuertes, Brad Lincoln, Morgan Loomis, Merlin Bela Wassiij Maertz, Bradley McLaughlin, Jonathan Symmonds
Casting Department	Sean Allen, Gillian Davies, Holly Dorff, Mali Finn, Johnny Gidcomb, Kimberly Graham, Justine Hempe, Liz Mullane, Yvette Reid, Miranda Rivers, Nick Scott, Ashley Slater, Lauren Bass, Annabel Osborne, Elizabeth Shoai
Costume and Wardrobe Department	Lilia Mishel Acevedo, Anthony Almaraz, John Yehia Atrouni, Yvonne Autridge, Paul Booth, Chantelle Bowkett, Hamish Brown, Lesley Burkes-Harding, Tom Caddy, Rachel Callinan, Miriam Cruz Carlin, Miriam Christie, Rebekah Edwards, Carolyn M. Fenton, Jeannie Flynn, Zoe Fox, Lois Girdwood, Hannah Goldblatt, Sally Gray, John Harding, Cilla Harnett, Emma Harre, Alejandro M. Hernandez, Sheila Horton, Amy Jansen-Leen, Rebecca Johnston, Kerstin Kary, Beth Koenigsberg, Pauline Laws, Wanda Lepionka, Patricia A. Lopez, Lisa Lovaas, Lachlan Mayclair, Sophie Mills, Sarah Milnes, Melissa Mundt, Sonia Murray, Amanda Neale, Maja Neumann, Alice Paton, Andrea Plested, Claire Prebble, Ben Price, Julie Zavala Ron, Sheree Roud, Jenny Rushton, Richard Taylor, Kate Trafford, Lorraine Willis, Paul D. Alarcon, Deborah Ambrosino, Jonay Bacallado, Dionne Barens, Valefor De Ambershay, Aydee Nowep Domínguez, Flo Foxworthy, Michelle Liu, Jessica Mauricio, Emanuel Mecholuam, Mariana Mechoulam, Samantha Morley, Muto-Little, Karen Hare Neilsson, Hector Alejandro Pineda, Reiko Porter, Ivory Stanton, Jack Taggart, Africa Zayas, Deborah Zimmerman
Editorial Department	Karlo Babakhanian, Roger Ames Berger, Eric Bidinger, Walt Bigelow, Gary Burritt, Christine Carr, David Carriker, Alex Chen, Wendy Chesebrough Lowe, Eduardo Cisneros, Rene Clark, Chad Cole, Steve Danhieux, Melissa DeLong, Roxanne Dorman, Mary Dubon, Sam Gall, Jason Gaudio, Vahe Giragol, Kris Gregg, Marvin Hall, Daniel Hawley, Mark Hawthorne, Claudia Huerta, Carl Jacobson, Skip Kimball, Chris Kirkpatrick, Sam Lehman, Dawn Marquette, Daniel Mei-Tal, James Meikle, Peter Moc, Jason Modica, Colin O Reilly, Zara Park, Jim Passon, Craig Price, Ismael Salas, Justin Shaw, Ryan Sheridan, Ed Thompson, Robert Yamamoto, Kristen Young, Jorge Zepeda, Daniel André, David Black, Paul Carlin, George Chavez, R. Orlando Duenas, Richard A. Eisenstein, Roland Eisinger, Greg Emerson, Brett Fallentine, Noah Katz, Andrea Kistler, Bryan Park, Robert E. Phillips, Nolan Reese, Brad Tobler, Werner Van Peppen
Location Management	Jock Fyfe, Kylie Gaudin, Kevin Magill, Colleen Gibbons, Kyle Gordon, Jesse Tunison
Music Department	Nico Abondolo, Mark Adams, Ann Atkinson, Michael K. Bauer, Mark Beasom, Marissa Benedict, Dick Bernstein, Mark Berrow, Rachel Bolt, Bob Bornstein, Thomas Bowes, Jacqueline Brand, Daniel Brock, Belinda Broughton, Karen Hogle Brown, Wanda Bryant, Nicholas Bucknall, Rebecca Bunnell, Daniel Chaney, Paul Cohen, Gina Coletti, Kevin Connolly, Sandy DeCrescent, Nicholas Dodd, Michael Dore, Andrew Duckles, David Duke, Bruce Dukov, Terry Edwards, Steve Erdody, Emmett Estren, Richard Eteson, John Evanson, Claire Seely Fedoruk, Dave Forte, Simon Franglen, Vic Fraser, Rob Frear, Alex Gibson, Kevin Globerman, Dominic Gonzales, Gregory Goodall, Scott Graff, Jenny Graham, Keith Greene, Isobel Griffiths, Stephen Grimm, Clayton Haslop, Ayana Haviv, Michele Hemmings, Jim Henrikson, Michael Hoffman, James Horner, Benedict Hymas, Alex Iles, Aled Jenkins, Eli Rolfe Johnson, Elissa Johnston, Katie Kadarauch, Dan Kelley, Shawn Kirchner, Jon Kull, Joanna Forbes L Estrange, David Landon, Sharmila Guha Lash, Tim Lauber, Natalie Leggett, Edie Lehmann Boddicker, Dimitrie Leivici, Edward Levy, Phillip Levy, Jon Lewis, Michael Lichtenauer, London Voices, Kim Lowe, Jonathan Mack, Steve Mair, Rachel Major, Andy Malloy, Chris Mann, Aaron Martin, Luke Maurer, Darrin McCann, Tonoccus McClain, Donna Medine, Eleanor Meynell, Lika Miyake, Perry Montague-Mason, Wendy Nieper, Helen Nightengale, Brian O Connor, Eric Overholt, Sara Parkins, Ben Parry, Nicolas Philippon, Radu Pieptea, Jasper Randall, Joshua Ranz, J.A.C. Redford, Leslie Reed, Simon Rhodes, Peter Rotter, Peyman Shahi, Stan Sharp, Denis St. Amand, Niké St. Clair, Tom Steel, Jill Streater, Kimberly Switzer, George Thatcher, Doug Tornquist, Cecilia Tsan, Ian Underwood, Alvin Veeh, Allen Walley, Dave Wells, Sylvia Wells, Rachel Weston, Lucy Whalley, Bruce White, Lara Wickes, Debbie Widdup, Jonathan Williams, Bob Zimmitti, Joan Beal, Leanna Brand, Reid Bruton, Elin Carlson, Thomas Cavanaugh, Luca Franglen, Gregory Geiger, Ellen Ginsburg, Dave Hage, Tony Hinnigan, The Hollywood Studio Symphony, Ryan Johnson, Mike Knobloch, Robert Kraft, Dave Lawrence, Marina Manukian, Rebecca Morellato, Danita Ng-Poss, Jake Parker, Jason Poss, Drea Pressley, Marc Antonio Pritchett, Robert Puff, Jasper Randall, Bob Sanders, Lisbeth Scott, Fletcher Sheridan, Mark Edward Smith, Rob Sneddon, Patrick Spain, James Thatcher, Gary K. Thomas, Gerald White, Don Williams
Script and Continuity Department	Sarah Hinch, Luca Kouimelis, Veronique Lawrence, Thomas E. Marsh Jr.
Transportation Department	Chris Alviani, Karen Chang Ambrose, Bruce Bartley, Vaughn Bladen, Denny Caira, Jayson Chang, Cody Flemming, Kyle Gordon, Tim Harris, Glenn Shaw, Kosta Vatselias, James Waitkus, Victor Ybiernas, Michael Allegro, Martine Bijker, Bruce Comtois, Louis Dargenzio, Spencer Faulkner
Additional Crew	Jonathan Adler, Alexis Alexander, Judy Alley, Steve Alterman, Eddie Apodaca, Peter Ashfor, Danielle Baneham, Billy Barnhart, Stephen Bayliss, Kristin Berbae, Tim Bicio, Francis Biggs, Chris Boswell, Tamara Brock, Jason C. Brown, Andy Buckley, Kevin Richard Buxbaum, Mike Cahill, Ted Cahn, John David Cameron, Daniel Chen, John Clisham, Terry Clotiaux, Andrew Cochrane, Maureen Mo Crutchfield, Nour Dardari, Anne-Marie Davenport, Gerardo De Santos, Andrew Emilio DeCesare, Terri Depaolo, Laurel Devenie, Sara Docksey, Holly Dorff, Bruno Du Bois, Susan Dukow, Joe Dunckley, Barry Edwards, Mark Edwards, Morgan Elam, Annette Encinas, Kendall Finlayson, Megan Fischer, Paul R. Frommer, Simon Garratt, Kylie Gaudin, Reece Geraghty, Sarah Goller, Daniel Gonzalez, Thea Govorko, Kathy Grant, Nina Griffith, Stephanie Fitch Groff, Joe Hagg, Sophie Harris, Jaime Harrison, Luke Hawker, Carol Henry, Cale Hetariki, David Hickey, Sarah Hinch, Dan Hindes, Jodie S. Holt, Sherryn Hunt, Stacey Jelin, Boysie Jereza, Seamus Kavanagh, Jamie Landau, Nikki Latham, Jamie Lawrence, Michael Ling, Brandon Linville, David Lo, Neha Lohia, Chris Lum, Nancy Lutkehaus, Steven J. Madonna, Georgia Mahaffie, Sebastian Marr, Gary Martinez, Averil Mawhinney, Will Mawhinney, Troy McGatlin, Nick Mestrundrea, Carla Meyer, John Meyers, Adam Milnes, Mike Minogue, Linus Murphy, Carly Neemia, Dan Neufeldt, Phil Nixey, Simon Noakes, Terry Notary, Joshua Owens, Gabe Page, Charlie Palafox, Paul Pape, Tim Patterson, Nick Phad, Travis Pinn, Nicole Pitesa, Jenna Pitula, Ana Maria Quintana, Inge Rademeyer, Keith Raymond, Mike Reed, Paul Sled Reynolds, Grant Roa, Jamie Robinson, Ryan Romanski, Marilyn Ryder, Rae Sanchini, Mike Santos, Willi Schmidt, Ben Schoen, Helen Sideris, Valerie Suarez, Fa Suluvave, Barbara Szeman, Helene Takacs, Brenna Townshend, Marc Tyron, Michael Urbanski, Edith Viramontes, Ange Waller, Lula Washington, Michael Elko Weaver, Matty Webling, Alexander Hamilton Westmore, Bill Whirity, Maria Wilhelm, Don Abernathy, Gunner Ashford, Tyler Atkinson, Simone Bargetze, Alex Betuel, Eric Bradley, Evan Brainard, Gregg Brilliant, Page Buckner, Elizabeth Chassie, Keith Cooke, Kimberly Cooper, Trevor Cooper, Dan Cortez, Sarah Cripps, James Dee, Kevin Du Toit, Kirk Dunne, John Duke Duquesnay, Jon Earnest, Eric R. Evans, D.R. Farquharson, Luigi Ferraro, Rachel Lee Goldenberg, Karl Krash Goldshmidt, Veloz Gomez, Cheri Hall, Glenn Walker Harris Jr., Jennifer Herman, Nathan Huber, Enoch Ihde, Richard B. Jefferson, Brent Kaviar, Ron Kerkmeester, Paul Kingdom, George Kitson, Dean Knowsley, Ray Lee, David Lenna, Arthur D. Lindfield, Brian Mahony, Fiona Manners, Tammy Maples, Ruben Marquez, Katie McGinley, Carlton McRae, Joseph Mika-Hunt, Dina Morrone, Matt Mosher, Erich A. Muller, Chad Nagel, Sergio Najera, Adrianne Ng, Jimmy James Nielsen, Terry Notary, Shaun O Banion, Ryan Pardeiro, Francesco Pezzulli, Wayne Phillips, Carlo Pratto, Raj Rawal, Jordan Reynolds, Mandy Richardville, Sean Richter, Bridgett Riley, Chad Saxton, Howard R. Schuster, Deepesh Shah, Dan Southworth, Ken Stratton, Mark Sussman, Josh Swoveland, Svetlana Tesnes, Zach Thomson, Dannon Walters, Emma Watts, Ben White, Andy Wickens, Keegan Zall, Nikie Zambo, Jerome Zelle
Thanks	Iman Rahimi
Genres	Action, Adventure, Fantasy
Companies	Twentieth Century Fox, Dune Entertainment, Lightstorm Entertainment
Countries	USA
Languages	English, Spanish
ContentRating	PG-13
ImDbRating	7.8
ImDbRatingVotes	1221170
MetacriticRating	83
Keywords	future,spiritualism,paraplegic,marine,forest protection