American Gangster is a 2007 American biographical crime film directed and produced by Ridley Scott and written by Steven Zaillian. The film is fictionally based on the criminal career of Frank Lucas, a gangster from La Grange, North Carolina who smuggled heroin into the United States on American service planes returning from the Vietnam War, before being detained by a task force led by detective Richie Roberts. The film stars Denzel Washington and Russell Crowe in their second lead acting roles together after 1995 s Virtuosity. The film also co-stars Ted Levine, John Ortiz, Josh Brolin, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Norman Reedus, Ruby Dee, Lymari Nadal and Cuba Gooding Jr.

Development for the film initially began in 2000, when Universal Pictures and Imagine Entertainment purchased the rights to a New York magazine story about the rise and fall of Lucas. Two years later, screenwriter Steven Zaillian introduced a 170-page scriptment to Scott. Original production plans were to commence in Toronto for budget purposes; however, production eventually relocated permanently to New York City. Because of the film s rising budget Universal canceled production in 2004. After negotiations with Terry George, it was later revived with Scott at the helm in March 2005. Principal photography commenced over a period of five months from July to December 2006; filming took place throughout New York City and concluded in Thailand.

American Gangster premiered in New York on October 20, 2007, and was released in the United States and Canada on November 2. The film was well received by most film critics, and grossed over US$266.5 million worldwide, with domestic grosses standing at $130.1 million. Many of the people portrayed, including Roberts and Lucas, have stated that the film took much creative license with the story, and three former DEA agents sued Universal claiming the agency s portrayal was demoralizing. American Gangster was nominated for twenty-one awards, including two Oscar nominations for Best Art Direction and Best Supporting Actress (Ruby Dee), and won three including a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role for Dee.

Plot

In 1968, Frank Lucas is the right-hand man of Harlem mob boss Ellsworth Bumpy Johnson. When Johnson dies of a heart attack, Frank enters the heroin trade, buying directly from producers in Thailand and smuggling it into the U.S. through returning Vietnam War servicemen. Frank sells his heroin under the brand Blue Magic , whose affordability and purity make it incredibly popular, eliminating much of his competition.

Newark detective and aspiring lawyer Richie Roberts is ostracized in his precinct after handing in almost $1 million that he found in a mobster s car. After his outcasted and addicted partner overdoses on Blue Magic, Captain Lou Toback puts Roberts in charge of a special task force that targets major local drug suppliers. Roberts is also depicted having a bitter divorce battle with his ex-wife over his infidelity.

Frank s heroin racket prospers; he eventually sells Blue Magic wholesale to many dealers in the New York Tri-State Area and expands his distribution through other criminal organisations. With this monopoly, Frank becomes Harlem s top crime lord, opening legitimate business fronts and maintaining a low profile, while befriending politicians and famous celebrities (such as Joe Louis). He buys a mansion for his mother and recruits his five brothers as his lieutenants. Frank eventually falls in love with and marries Eva, a Puerto Rican beauty queen. He attends the Fight of the Century with her, where Roberts spots Frank, notices he has better seats than the Italian mobsters, and begins investigating him. Frank also comes to odds with competing local gangster Nicky Barnes; corrupt NYPD detective Nick Trupo, who is among many people Frank is forced to bribe; and the Corsican mafia, who unsuccessfully attempt to assassinate Frank and his wife for putting them out of business.

One night, Roberts detectives witness one of Frank s cousins, Jimmy Zee, shoot his girlfriend; he becomes their informant in lieu of being convicted. They make Jimmy wear a wire, through which they learn that Frank has negotiated one final shipment of heroin after the fall of Saigon. They identify and search one of the last planes carrying Lucas stock, discovering that it is being smuggled through the coffins of dead servicemen. They follow the drugs into Newark s projects and obtain a warrant to raid Frank s heroin processing facility, which results in the arrest of Frank s brother Huey. They then arrest the other four brothers, and finally Frank himself.

During a trial against Frank, Roberts offers him a chance at leniency if he will help him expose corrupt police officers, to which Frank agrees. Following Frank s cooperation, three-quarters of the New York DEA and many NYPD officers are arrested and convicted, while Trupo commits suicide. Roberts becomes a defense attorney and has Frank as his first client. Frank is sentenced to 70 years in prison, of which he serves 15 years and is released in 1991.

Cast

• Denzel Washington as Frank Lucas
• Russell Crowe as Richie Roberts
• Chiwetel Ejiofor as Huey Lucas
• Josh Brolin as Detective Trupo
• Lymari Nadal as Eva
• Ted Levine as Lou Toback
• Roger Guenveur Smith as Nate
• John Hawkes as Freddie Spearman
• RZA as Moses Jones
• Yul Vazquez as Alfonse Abruzzo
• Malcolm Goodwin as Jimmy Zee
• Ruby Dee as Mahalee Lucas, Frank s mother
• Ruben Santiago-Hudson as Doc
• Carla Gugino as Laurie Roberts
• John Ortiz as Javier J Rivera
• Cuba Gooding Jr. as Nicky Barnes
• Armand Assante as Dominic Cattano
• Joe Morton as Charlie Williams
• Ritchie Coster as Joey Sadano
• Idris Elba as Tango
• Common as Turner Lucas
• Tip Harris as Stevie Lucas
• Kevin Corrigan as Campizi
• Robert Funaro as McCann
• Jon Polito as Rossi
• KaDee Strickland as Richie s attorney
• Norman Reedus as Detective in morgue
• Roger Bart as US Attorney
• Ric Young as Chinese general
• Clarence Williams III as Bumpy Johnson (uncredited)

Production

Development and writing

In 2000, Universal Pictures and Imagine Entertainment purchased the rights to The Return of Superfly , by Mark Jacobson, an article published in New York magazine story about the rise and fall of the 1970s heroin kingpin Frank Lucas. In 2002, screenwriter Steven Zaillian brought a 170-page script to director Ridley Scott, who expressed interest in making two films from it. However, Scott did not immediately pursue the project, choosing to make Kingdom of Heaven instead. In November 2003, Universal and Imagine entered negotiations with Brian De Palma to direct Tru Blu, with a script by Zaillian based on the life of Frank Lucas. Zaillian interpreted the account as one of American business and race , focusing the script thematically on corporate business. Production was initially slated for a spring 2004 start.

In March 2004, the studio entered new negotiations with Antoine Fuqua to direct, as well as Denzel Washington to star in the film as Frank Lucas. The following May, Benicio del Toro entered negotiations to star as Detective Richie Roberts, who brought down Lucas. Production of Tru Blu was reset to begin in early fall 2004, with the film slated for a release date of June 3, 2005. In September 2004, Dania Ramirez entered negotiations to join the cast of the film, now titled American Gangster.

Universal Pictures reported that it greenlit American Gangster with a budget of $80 million, which escalated to $93 million, with $10 million for development costs and $3 million for the delay of the production start date. Sources close to the director insist that the budget was $93 million from the beginning. The studio also sought for American Gangster to be produced in Toronto rather than New York City to save money, but Fuqua resisted the re-location. The studio s parent company General Electric received tax credits in New York City, so production was moved to the city. This change increased the budget to $98 million. Fuqua s camp insisted that it was seeking ways to reduce the budget, but the studio argued about several aspects of the project under him. The director had wanted to film a Vietnam sequence in Thailand and to cast notable names such as Ray Liotta and John C. Reilly in minor roles. To add to the studio s budgetary concerns, Fuqua was rewriting the script during the pre-production process. The director did not have a shot-list, final locations, and supporting actors signed to initiate production.

Fuqua was fired on October 1, 2004, four weeks before principal photography would begin. The studio cited creative differences for its action. After Fuqua s departure, the studio met with Peter Berg to take over directing the film, and Denzel Washington had approved of the choice. Due to the search potentially escalating a budget already in the US$80 million range and the difficulty in recouping the amount based on the film s subject matter, Universal canceled production of American Gangster, citing time constraints and creative elements. The cancellation cost the studio $30 million, of which $20 million went to Washington and $5 million went to del Toro due to their pay or play contracts.

When I met Frank, I really understood what I saw as the arc of the character. He wears nice clothes and drives fancy cars and all that, so if that means glorifying it I guess that s the case. But for me I was looking at the arc of the character, and he don t look that glorious right now.

—Denzel Washington discussing the arc of Frank Lucas

In March 2005, American Gangster was revived as Universal and Imagine entered negotiations with Terry George to revise Zaillian s script and direct the film, which was to be financed with a target budget of US$50 million. Will Smith was approached to replace Washington as Frank Lucas, though an offer would be postponed until George completed his revision of the script. George cut many key scenes, characters and Asian locations to reduce costs, but the project failed to progress given financial problems and producer Grazer feeling they couldn t make it right without the removed material.

After Scott and Zaillian met on another project, Zaillian brought up the Gangster project again with Scott, who decided he was ready to do it. Producer Brian Grazer and Imagine executive Jim Whitaker decided against pursuing George s attempt and to return to Zaillian s vision. In February 2006, Ridley Scott entered talks with the studio to take over American Gangster from George, returning to Zaillian s draft as the film s basis. Washington returned to his role as Lucas, and Russell Crowe was attached to star as Roberts. Crowe was drawn to the project based on his previous work with the director on Gladiator and A Good Year, Washington wanted to work with Crowe again, after 1995 s Virtuosity. Production was slated for summer 2006.

Scott had discussed the script with Crowe as they worked on A Good Year in France, and they sought to take on the project. The director reviewed Zaillian s script, Terry George s rewrite, and a revision by Richard Price during the project s incarnation with director Antoine Fuqua. Scott preferred Zaillian s approach and chose to follow it. The director encountered a challenge in the script since the characters Frank Lucas and Richie Roberts do not encounter each other until twenty minutes before the end of the film. The director sought to flesh out the private universes of these characters, which would evolve, and to have scenes cut between the two characters to provide a balance. Elements such as Frank Lucas s interaction with his family and Richie Roberts s dysfunctional marriage were written to add to the characters backgrounds. The rappers T.I., RZA, and Common were added to the cast to appeal to younger audiences.

Scott chose to direct American Gangster by highlighting the paradoxical values of Frank Lucas and Richie Roberts. The film somewhat focuses on the comparatively ethical business practices of the wicked gangster and the womanizing and failed marriage of the do-gooder police detective. Washington, who was not normally a fan of gangster films, chose to portray Lucas when he saw the arc of the character , which ended by showing the prices that Lucas paid for his actions.

To prepare for their roles, the actors met the actual persons. In addition, Washington took on Lucas Southern accent, and Crowe practiced to match Roberts s manner of speaking and body language, requesting tape recordings of Roberts to assist in his preparation. The following March, the studio rehired Zaillian to rewrite the script for American Gangster. The budget had escalated to $100 million, which Grazer stated was unexpected given It s not a high-concept comedy, it s not a fantasy movie, it s not a four-quadrant movie . Grazer and Scott still had to pay back the studio $3 million for a budget overrun.

Filming

Principal photography began in July 2006 in New York City. American Gangster was filmed over a period of approximately four months in over 180 different locations, most of them across New York; it set the record for containing the highest number of filming locations of a movie. Two months were spent in New York, with all the city s five boroughs being used. Approximately fifty to sixty locations were set in Harlem alone. While in the neighbourhood, Scott stated that he found several interiors that had been untouched since the 1940s.

According to production designer Arthur Max, exhaustive location scouting was done to find parts of New York that could still resemble the city of the early 1970s, filming Lucas headquarters at 116th Street 20 blocks north, on 136th Street. In his interview with ComingSoon.net, Scott stated that just walked in and just shot in the house. Several gas masks were brought by producers due to health hazards and sanitary concerns existing in the buildings. Scott found filming in Harlem to be difficult, commenting that the rapid gentrification in Harlem provided poor opportunities for shooting angles. Hand-held cameras were extensively used to depict a guerrilla filmmaking style.

Other locations for principal photography include the Brooklyn Navy Yard, the Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum, Old Westbury Gardens, a segment of the George Washington Bridge, and the Brooklyn Supreme Courthouse. Briarcliff Manor in upstate New York had the locations for both the Lucas farm and the estate Lucas buys for his family. Filming locations began setting up in Thailand in November 2006, after Branko Lustig consulted with Suvit Yodmanee, the country s tourism minister. Filming for American Gangster concluded in Chiang Mai the following month.

Using his experience from visiting New York in the same time period in which the film s story took place, Scott sought to downplay a Beatles atmosphere to the film and to instead create a shabbier atmosphere, saying that Harlem was really, really shabby, beautiful brownstones falling apart. Production and costume design was emphasized, transforming the location into the rundown streets of upper Manhattan from the late 1960s and early 1970s. Denzel Washington, as Frank Lucas, had 64 costume changes.

Music

In 2006, Greg Calloway was approached by producers to produce a soundtrack for the film. He presented the idea to Atlantic Records chairman Craig Kallman, and one of the company s artists, T.I., got an acting role in the film. However, the deal did not go further because Universal Pictures owned the rights to the film; It was a Universal film and they were not going to give the soundtrack to WMG (Atlantic s parent company). Thus Scott brought back Marc Streitenfeld, who had worked with him in A Good Year. The composer stated that the overall tone needed to be something bigger and darker given the characters strong personalities, and while not being the original intention, he added shades of blues and soul music to fit the 1970s setting. The musical score for American Gangster was recorded between April and May 2007 by Streitenfeld, with the help of orchestrator Bruce Fowler and conductor Mike Nowak, using an 80-piece orchestra recorded in sections as well as acoustic pre-records, performed by Streitenfeld himself. Additional score material was composed and recorded by Hank Shocklee.

The official soundtrack album for American Gangster was released by Def Jam Recordings within a week of the film s release. In addition to Streitenfeld and Shocklee s score material, the soundtrack album also features songs influenced by music in the 1960s and 1970s, including from blues and soul musicians such as Bobby Womack, The Staple Singers, Sam & Dave, and John Lee Hooker. Grazer stated that I wanted to introduce a visual and sonic world that is a contained entity of the 70s , and Scott felt it was vital to have the brand of music that was Harlem at the time.

Denzel Washington pressed Grazer into inviting rapper Jay-Z to write the film s score, but the producer just didn t think there d be enough for Jay-Z to do given the intentions to do a soundtrack filled with 1970s music. The film s trailer had already used Jay-Z s Heart of the City (Ain t No Love) , and the rapper was invited to an advanced screening. The film had a profound resonance on the musician, who decided to create a concept album, also entitled American Gangster. The rapper recorded tracks that were prompted by specific scenes in the film. It was speculated that the album s release in conjunction with the film would attract a young audience and help Universal Pictures generate profits to recover from the film s troubled development history. According to Jay-Z:

It was like I was watching the film, and putting it on pause, and giving a back story to the story. It immediately clicked with me. Like Scarface or any one of those films, you take the good out of it, and you can see it as an inspiring film.

Release

American Gangster premiered in Harlem at the Apollo Theater on October 20, 2007. Over two weeks before the release of American Gangster, a screener for the film leaked online. The film debuted in the United States and Canada on November 2, 2007, in 3,054 theaters.

Box office

In its opening weekend in the United States and Canada, it grossed an estimated $43.6 million, averaging $14,264 per theater, placing the film first in the weekend box office. It marked the biggest opening weekend out of any film in both Washington and Crowe s careers. In its second week, grosses declined by 44.8 percent to $24 million, being beaten out by Bee Movie. In contrast by its third week, screenings for American Gangster increased to 3,110 theaters as the film surpassed the $100 million mark. American Gangster finished its box office run in North America with $130,164,645.

The film experienced similar success overseas. American Gangster was released in the United Kingdom on November 16, and became the highest-grossing film of the week, garnering £2.6 million ($5.3 million) in the box office. It repeated the feat in its second week, grossing an estimated £1.82 million ($3.7 million) at the box office and beating out Beowulf two consecutive times. The weekend of November 16–18 saw American Gangster take $14.7 million from fourteen territories internationally. At the same time, American Gangster expanded in the European market; it received $2.8 million from 366 theaters in Germany and $3.6 million from 366 screens in France during its opening weekend.

Releases followed in Norway and Sweden the succeeding week, where it earned $392,608 and $465,238 from thirty-seven and fifty-nine theaters, respectively. The film was released in the United Arab Emirates during the film s sixth week and grossed a modest $281,922 at the box office during its first week in the emirate. Similarly, it earned $6.9 million in international markets during its sixth week, adding the total at the time to $40.9 million.

By January 25, 2008, American Gangster opened in thirty-seven markets, bringing international grosses to $93 million. In February, screenings for the film debuted in Mexico—with a modest $820,482 opening weekend—and Japan, where it opened at the box office with $2.3 million, landing in second place. American Gangster grossed over $266.5 million worldwide at the box office, with international grosses making up 51 percent ($136.3 million). It ranked as the 19th highest-grossing film of 2007 both domestically and worldwide.

Home media

American Gangster was released in DVD and HD DVD format on February 19, 2008. The home release included an unrated extended version of the film, featuring 18 additional minutes and an alternative ending. The film topped both the DVD sales charts with 4 million units during its first week in stores, more than three times as many copies as second place Michael Clayton, and the rental charts. American Gangster ended up as the 14th best-selling DVD of 2008. It also topped the high-definition charts despite being released in the same week Toshiba announced it would discontinue the HD DVD format. On October 14, the film saw its release on Blu-ray.

A mobile game based on the film was released by Gameloft on November 1.

Reception

Critical response

Review aggregate Rotten Tomatoes reports that 81% of critics have given the film a positive review based on 216 reviews, with a rating average of 7.00/10, with the consensus being: American Gangster is a gritty and entertaining throwback to classic gangster films, with its lead performers firing on all cylinders. On Metacritic, which assigns a weighted mean score out of 100 to reviews from film critics, the film has a score of 76 based on 38 reviews.

Like many moviemakers, Mr. Scott loves his bad guy too much. And by turning Lucas into a figure who seduces instead of repels, an object of directorial fetishism and a token of black resistance, however hollow, he encourages us to submit as well. Part of this is structural and economic: blood and nihilism are always better sells than misery and hopelessness. Yet there s also a historical dimension because when Lucas strolls down a fast-emptying Harlem street after putting a bullet into another man s head and the camera pulls back for the long view, you are transported into the realm of myth. Once, another gunman, or the director, might have taken direct aim at Lucas. But the world belongs to gangsters now, not cowboys.

—Manohla Dargis of The New York Times

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film a perfect four-star rating and opined, This is an engrossing story, told smoothly and well. Ebert also praised Crowe s performance, saying that his contribution to the storytelling was enormous . Paul Byrnes of The Sydney Morning Herald felt that American Gangster was one of the most intelligent gangster films in years and expressed that the film offers the spectacle of grand themes and two bigger-than-life characters played by two of the best actors in cinema. Concluding his review, Byrnes gave the film four out of four stars.

IGN s Jim Stax Vejvoda rated the film four out of five stars, praising the acting—particularly of the two protagonists, both dynamic presences on-screen, with neither actor outweighing the other s importance to the story —and declaring that despite being preceded by other gangster stories such as Scarface and The Sopranos, American Gangster managed to justify its existence with emphasis on the human and class elements of the story . Manohla Dargis of The New York Times strongly commended the film, opining that greatness hovers just outside American Gangster. She continued: It s a seductive package, crammed with all the on-screen and off-screen talent that big-studio money can buy, and filled with old soul and remixed funk that evoke the city back in the day, when heroin turned poor streets white and sometimes red. These sentiments were echoed by Sukhdev Sandhu of The Telegraph, who asserted that the storyline was amazing .

In comparison, some reviewers were more critical of American Gangster. Jonathan Crocker of Time Out London was polarized with the film, criticizing its aesthetics. In his review, he wrote, Scott s meticulous aesthetics can t touch the urban texture and deep focus of The French Connection, The Godfather, Serpico and Prince of the City – all looming heavily in intertextual nods. In contrast, Crocker praised Washington s acting, writing, He s immense: centering every scene with tractor-beam charisma, that dangerous, easy charm hovering between a luxury smile or blazing violence. In conclusion, Crocker gave the film three out of five stars.

Similarly, Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a C− grade, expressing that American Gangster is never dull, but it could have used more good old-fashioned melodramatic intrigue. Gleiberman found Washington s performance to have a ghastly ingenuity . Empire s Ian Freer rated the film three stars out of five; he stated that it was undeniably enjoyable and praised the cast, but also noted that he felt that very little in the movie feels fresh, re-treading scenes, riffs and imagery from the whole history of crime flicks and that the film did not explore enough of Lucas story and Scott s visual imagination.

Slant Magazine journalist Nick Schager harshly criticized the film, giving the film a one out of four stars rating. Schager remarked that the film was dumb as a rock , and that it was far too convinced of its import to be any fun. Giving American Gangster a two out of five stars, Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian was disappointed with Washington s acting, asserting, He doesn t seem to relax and enjoy himself in the role, or even inhabit it very satisfyingly. He resumed: He never has the menace of his dirty cop in Training Day, and we don t see anything like the transformation from street-hustler to leader in Malcolm X. That shoulder-shimmying swagger is rarely seen, and the brand-classic robes of American Gangster sit on him heavily.

Accuracy of the film

In an interview with MSNBC, Lucas expressed his excitement about the film and amazement at Denzel Washington s portrayal. However, Lucas admitted to several news outlets that only a small portion of the film was true, and that much of it was fabricated for dramatic effect. In addition, Richie Roberts criticized the film for portraying him in a custody battle while in real life he never had a child. Roberts criticized the portrayal of Lucas, describing it as almost noble .

Sterling Johnson Jr., a federal judge who served as a special narcotics prosecutor for the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York and assisted the arrest and trial of Lucas, described the film as one percent reality and ninety-nine percent Hollywood. In addition, Johnson described the real-life Lucas as illiterate, vicious, violent, and everything Denzel Washington was not. Former DEA agents Jack Toal, Gregory Korniloff, and Louis Diaz filed a lawsuit against Universal saying that the events in the film were fictionalized and that the film defamed them and hundreds of other agents.

The lawsuit was eventually dismissed by US District Judge Colleen McMahon. While McMahon noted that the intertitle that appears at the end of the film, stating that Lucas collaboration led to the arrest of many corrupt DEA agents, was wholly inaccurate , in that Lucas cooperation did not lead to the convictions, and opined that t would behoove a major corporation like Universal (which is owned by a major news organization, NBC) not to put inaccurate statements at the end of popular films , she stated that the film failed to meet legal standards of defamation because it failed to show a single person who is identifiable as a DEA agent .

Many of Lucas other claims, as presented in the film, have also been called into question, such as being the right-hand man of Bumpy Johnson, rising above the power of the Mafia and Nicky Barnes, and that he was the mastermind behind the Golden Triangle heroin connection of the 1970s. Ron Chepesiuk, a biographer of Frank Lucas, deemed the story a myth. Associated Press entertainment writer Frank Coyle noted that this mess happened partly because journalists have been relying on secondary sources removed from the actual events.

Accolades

American Gangster earned various awards and nominations, in categories ranging from recognition of the film itself to its screenplay and music, to the performances of Ruby Dee and Denzel Washington. Prior to the film s release, it was observed as a candidate for the Academy Awards based on its style and the performances of its actors, including the possibility of an Academy Award for Best Director for Ridley Scott.

Award	Category	Recipient	Result
Academy Awards	Best Supporting Actress	Ruby Dee	Nominated
	Best Art Direction	Arthur Max and Beth A. Rubino	Nominated
BAFTA Awards	Best Film		Nominated
	Best Original Screenplay	Steven Zaillian	Nominated
	Best Cinematography	Harris Savides	Nominated
	Best Music	Marc Streitenfeld	Nominated
	Best Editing	Pietro Scalia	Nominated
Golden Globe Awards	Best Motion Picture – Drama		Nominated
	Best Director	Ridley Scott	Nominated
	Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama	Denzel Washington	Nominated
Empire Awards	Best Thriller		Won
Satellite Awards	Best Actor	Denzel Washington	Nominated
	Best Supporting Actress	Ruby Dee	Nominated
	Best Editing	Pietro Scalia	Won
	Best Original Song	Anthony Hamilton For the song Do You Feel Me	Nominated
Screen Actors Guild Award	Best Supporting Actress	Ruby Dee	Won
	Best Cast		Nominated

The film was recognized as a candidate for best film by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the Broadcast Film Critics Association. In addition, the film was included on 54 reviewer lists of the ten best films of 2007, three of them at the top spot. Among the lists ranking American Gangster as one of the best of the year were those of The Miami Herald, Rolling Stone and the Associated Press.

Year	2007
ReleaseDate	2007-11-02
RuntimeMins	157
RuntimeStr	2h 37min
Plot	An outcast New York City cop is charged with bringing down Harlem drug lord Frank Lucas, whose real life inspired this partly biographical film.
Awards	Nominated for 2 Oscars, 12 wins & 38 nominations total
Directors	Ridley Scott
Writers	Steven Zaillian, Mark Jacobson
Stars	Denzel Washington, Russell Crowe, Chiwetel Ejiofor
Produced by	Sarah Bowen,Michael Costigan,Jonathan Filley,Brian Grazer,Dan Griffin,Branko Lustig,Nicholas Pileggi,Ridley Scott,Jim Whitaker,Steven Zaillian
Music by	Marc Streitenfeld
Cinematography by	Harris Savides
Film Editing by	Pietro Scalia
Casting By	Avy Kaufman
Production Design by	Arthur Max
Art Direction by	Nicholas Lundy
Set Decoration by	Leslie E. Rollins,Beth A. Rubino
Costume Design by	Janty Yates
Makeup Department	Belinda Anderson,Jutiporn Pie Aranyaputi,Qodi Armstrong,John Caglione Jr.,Carol Ci Ci Campbell,Larry M. Cherry,Carl Fullerton,Watana Garum,Don Kozma,Bernadette Mazur,Donyale McRae,Diana Sikes,Dina Sliwiak,Maneerath Vijob,Kenneth Walker,Supakarn Yindee,Bert Reo Anderson,Brian Badie,Robin Day,Felice Diamond,Christine Domaniecki,Christine Fennell,Valerie Gladstone-Appel,Lorraine Godfrey,Thom Gonzales,Paula Kelly,Tina LaSpina,Linda Lazar,Craig Lindberg,Craig Lyman,Nzingha,Susan Schectar,Vincent Schicchi,Linda Schonning,Michael R. Thomas,Taurance F. Williams,Leo Won
Production Management	Jonathan Filley,Kevin Flatow,Teresa Kelly,Branko Lustig,Piya Pestonji,Santa Pestonji,Lyn Pinezich,Miguel Ángel Poveda,Sean T. Stratton
Second Unit Director or Assistant Director	Noreen R. Cheleden,Apichart Chusakul,Betsy Friedman,Greg Gilman,Kali R. Harrison,Jason Hightower,Christo Morse,Darin Rivetti,Phattana Sansumran,Nick Vanderpool,Veeranand Vanijaka,Alexander Witt,Aaron D. Forste,Nate Grubb
Art Department	Lawrence Amanuel,Peter Baran,Charley Beal,Roland Brooks,Garf Brown,Peter Bundrick,Patrice Canfield Longo,Deborah Canfield,Kelly Canfield,Philip Canfield,Stephen H. Carter,Carolyn Cartwright,Paul Cheponis,Eric Cheripka,Lek Chaiyan Chunsuttiwat,Jim Cook,Kaem Coughlin,Ruth Deleon,Thierno Diallo,Tara DiGerlando,Liza Donatelli,Ana Katharina Drechsler,Maus Drechsler,Cyd Fenwick,Chris Ferraro,Ed Ferraro,Kelly Foley-Devitt,Emily Gaunt,Peter Gelfman,Gordon Gertsen,Scott Gertsen,Scott Getzinger,Alison Gilham,Anthony Gonzalez,W. Steven Graham,Greco,Robert Griffon Jr.,Tim Grimes,Damon Hahn,Matthew Hansel,Sean Hawk,Chris Heaps,Richard Hebrank,Julia G. Hickman,Richard Hoppe,Doug Huszti,Caroline Irons,Kevin Jackson,Peak Jeanphetch,Brian Jones,Vasu Kantatham,Derrick Kardos,Susan Kaufman,Greg Kester,Hinju Kim,Sonja Klaus,Erik Knight,Hank Liebeskind,Jisoo Lim,Julie Marr,Dawn Masi,Jennifer Massi,Arthur Max,Alexandra Mazur,Robin McAllister,Charles E. McCarry,Jeffrey D. McDonald,John McDonnell,Edward Menashy,Catherine Miller,Michael Miller,Douglas A. Mowat,Rob Muia,Kia Pakornchaikul,Robert Paquette,Beer Phetchdee,Marc Anthony Polizzi,John Pollard,John Ralbovsky,Wang Rattanasirivanich,William E. Redd,Gail Reilly,Steven Richetts,Sarah Riggs,Lawrence Robinson,Giovanni Rodriguez,Kathrine Rondeau,Sam Rosedietcher,Amy Safhay,Sorayuth Sagrikananda,Diana Salzburg,Galen Schneider,Karl Shefelman,Chris Shriver,Koi Sinlapachan,Paul Steinberg,Carol Suchy,Jonathan Swain,Edward P Tadiello,Gob Tangtham,Joy Thongprachan,Sylvia Trapanese,Omar Vaid,War Waruttamangkoon,Warakarn Waruttamangkoon,Terry Wells,Alyssa Winter,John Wolanczyk,Travis Wright,Madeline Austin-Kulat,Nattavut Buranakij,Nate Cohen,Kaem Coughlin,Jen Day,Miguel De Jesus,Daniel Geary,Apache Gonzalez,Jorge Luis Gonzalez,Ken Goodstein,Jasmine Ballou Jones,Luke Malloy,Ramona Messina,Sorayuk Mookleemas,Christine Moosher,Don O Reilly,Randy L. Parisian,Eric Pastore,Leetal Platt,Chidchanok Plodripu,Boonsong Promjarune,Max Sherwood,Andrew Spagnoli,Joanna Tillman,Greg Voth,Lance R. Walters,Joel Weaver
Sound Department	Christopher Assells,Bobby Aycock,Karen Baker Landers,Bob Beemer,Rick Canelli,Jim Caruana,Dino Dimuro,Per Hallberg,Dan Hegeman,Chris Hogan,Charles Hunt,Craig S. Jaeger,Chris Jargo,Craig Kyllonen,Mary Jo Lang,George Leong,Howard London,Kimaree Long,Jen McLaughlin,Michael Minkler,Alyson Dee Moore,Scott Morgan,Philip D. Morrill,Richard Murphy,Douglas Murray,Tony Negrete,Beauxregard Neylen,Thomas J. O Connell,Jordan O Neill,Michelle Pazer,Schavaria Reeves,John Roesch,William Sarokin,Frederick H. Stahly,Peter Staubli,Jon Title,David Young,Eddie Bydalek,Mik Cribben,Xavier Horan,Chris Navarro,Nancy Parker,Jan Petrov,Greg Steele,Greg Zimmerman
Special Effects by	Michael Bird,Michael G. Bird,Connie Brink,Edward Drohan IV,Ittipol Kaweprapurt,Sarawut Moonpol,Wiroj Nuansri,Watcharachai Panichsuk,Kevin Zack,Phillip Beck,Herbert Blank,Doug Facciponti,Peter Regnier,Matt Vogel
Visual Effects by	Jennifer C. Bell,John Cairns,Monika Chvatikova,Ashley Clark,Dick Edwards,Eric Jordan,Myung Kim,Colin Liggett,Margaux Mackay,Gray Marshall,Manuel Plank-Jorge,Christian Severin,Wesley Sewell,Trent Shumway,Kathryn Bolt,S. Kai Bovaird,Sarah Coatts,Christopher Cram,Diego Galtieri,Brian Hanable,Mattana Suthammasa
Stunts	G.A. Aguilar,Bill Anagnos,Roy T. Anderson,Chris Barnes,Jonathan Baston,Joseph Baston,Philip C. Beck Jr.,Bobby Beckles,Jill Brown,Scott Burik,Jared Burke,Nicole Callender,Chris Cenatiempo,John Cenatiempo,Victor Chan,Rory Clarke,Lisa Cohen,Bob Colletti,Blaise Corrigan,William Cote,Douglas Crosby,Cris D Annunzio,Peter Epstein,James Francis II,Aja Frary,Jason Garcia,David Gere,Jeffrey Lee Gibson,Eddie Goines,Gabriel Hansen,Hollis Hill,Cheryl Lewis,David S. Lomax,Jalil Jay Lynch,Curtis Lyons,Daniel Maldonado,Paul Marini,Tim McAdams,Devon McKenzie,Corey McKinney Jr.,Angela Meryl,Michael Wilson Morgan,Kimberly Shannon Murphy,Malcolm C. Murray,Janet Paparazzo,Christopher Place,Thomas Place,Dave Pope,Stephen A. Pope,Robert Powell,Jodi Michelle Pynn,Sean Ringgold,J.C. Robaina,Jeremy Sample,Jason Silvis,Derrick Simmons,Manny Siverio,Billy Smith,Brian Smyj,Erik Solky,Jay Spadaro,D.J. Surgent,Aaron Vexler,Caroline Vexler,Jeff Ward,Copes White,Guss Williams,Jacob Williams,Jared Williams,Brad Lee Wind,Christiana Zephir,Christiana Blain,John Cenatiempo,Erik Solky,Caroline Vexler
Camera and Electrical Department	Tamura Bakr,Matt Blades,Eric Boncher,Peter Bulavinetz,Ronald Burke,Geb Byers,Travis Cadalzo,Michael Cambria,David M. Carr,Sean Cassidy,Fred Cohen,Alisa M. Colley,Devin Donegan,David M. Dunlap,Edwin Effrein,Greg Finkel,McCord Fitzsimmons,Kevin Flynn,Richie Ford,Don Glen,Gerald Gloster,Gob,Scott Gregoire,Joseph Grimaldi,Craig Haagensen,Elizabeth Hedges,Joel Holland,Chien Huey,Dang Karunpaisarn,Meg Kettell,Chris Kilduff,Jeremy Knaster,Jason Lanci,Vincent Lanza,David Lee,Brian C. Mackey,John McAleer,Larry McConkey,James J. McCullagh,Keith McNicholas,William D. Moran,Francine Natale,Bill O Leary,Andrew Peck,Louis Petraglia,Balint Pinczehelyi,Tom Prate,Sam Rosedietcher,Michael Rudolph,Nat Russell,Mark Schmidt,George Selden,Chesda Pop Smithsuth,Thanut Sripantawanusorn,Robert Stevers,Eric Swanek,Phil Testa,Bob Van Heek,Robert Vuolo,Michael Wacks,Franz Yeich,Michael Arisohn,Mark Beattie,Adam Benlifer,Matt Blades,Phil Bradshaw,Christopher Cannucciari,James Casey,Andrew Cavagnet,Rashad Clinton,Chris Drechsler,Micah Eisenmann,Lauren E. Enfield,Ted Erne,Daniel Feighery,Timothy Flynn,Patrick Fontana,Patrick J. Galvin,Dennis Green,Shawn Greene,David Kurt Harris,Larry Huston,Jarrod Kloiber,Lou Massa,Mark McDevitt,William Moore,Jeff Muhlstock,Paul Niccolls,Monty Nielsen,Anna Novick,Wayne Paull,Michael J. Prate,Brian Raby,Daniel D. Sariano,Simon Shen,Travis Tips,Alexander Witt,J. Dan Wright,Franz Yeich,Chris Zizzo
Casting Department	Cody Beke,Shaun Duffy,Robert Goins,Elizabeth Greenberg,Julie Hutchinson,Sondra James,Caitlin McKenna,Rachel K. Ofori,Jim Suthisrisinlapa,Michael T Walker,Jolanda Anthony,Billy Dowd,Richard Kathlean,Terry L. Lamfers,Yves Wilson,Leeba Zakharov
Costume and Wardrobe Department	Michael Adkins,Laura Barreto,De andre Beard,Aneikit Bonnel,Joanna Brett,Dan Bronson,Adam Butera,Michael Castellano,Trenee Clayton,David Crossman,Kimmie Dellechiaie,Yvens DeThelismond,Kevin P. Faherty,Risa Garcia,Jessica Glenn,Staci Greenbaum,Emily Gunshor,Darlene Jackson,Eric Andre Johnson,Leonard Logsdail,Vern Malone,Carmia Marshall,Mario Martines,Winsome G. McKoy,Neil Murphy,Robert Noonan,Aissatou Parks,Frank Perry Rose,Amy Roth,Brian Russman,Autumn Saville,Paul A. Simmons Jr.,Omar J. Simmons,Carmela Simonetti,Thomas M. Smalley,Mutita Na Songkla,Hartsell Taylor,Domenico Vacca,Mark Willis,Pattie J. Barbosa,Laurie Buehler,Danielle Cadorette,Debbe DuPerrieu,Courtney Aura Freeman,Chuck Hennessy-ReCar,Yolanda Holmes,Jared B. Leese,Estella Marie,Tim McKelvey,Elizabeth Muxi,David Paulin,Suzanne Pettit,Andy Plovnick,Lora E. Revitt,Jennifer Schilling,Christine Schultz,Laura Sewrey,Sarah Shears,Thomas Stokes,Michelle Elaine Teague,Pete White,Pamela Wint,Jeffrey Wirsing
Editorial Department	Noah Amos,Ryan Bennett,Robert Drwila,Alex Durham,Robert Mead,David Orr,Billy Rich,Joe Violante,Chisako Yokoyama,Bill Ceresia,Chris Jacobson,Scot Starbuck
Location Management	Brian K. Barnes,Alexander Burns,Frank Cattano,Guy Efrat,Fletcher Elkington,Abby Eon,Jason Farrar,Ryan Ferguson,Timothy Goldberg,Jose F. Guerrero,Joe Guest,Hassan Heyward,Jule Ann Jappe,Matthew Kania,Michael Kriaris,Kendra Levenberg,David M. McGuire,Héctor E. Meza,Tjamal Noni,Phuong-Thuy Pham,Justin Rosini,Somchai Santitharangkun,Kai Van Der Putten,Matthew H. Wiesner,Richard Connors,Audra Gorman,Julie Retzlaff
Music Department	Leanne Becknell,Julian Bratolyubov,Peter Cobbin,Debbi Datz-Pyle,Mark Eshelman,Bruce Fowler,Steven Fowler,Walt Fowler,Rick Giovinazzo,Sean M. Hickey,The Hollywood Studio Symphony,The Hollywood Symphony Orchestra,Luana Jackman,Greg Loskorn,Jamie Luker,David Marquette,Julianne McCormack,Adam Michalak,Gabe Moffat,Yvonne S. Moriarty,Kathy Nelson,Mike Nowak,Diane Freiman Reynolds,Hank Shocklee,Del Spiva,Sally Stevens,James Thatcher,Gina Zimmitti,Jeremy Borum,Bryan Clements,Nick Delaplane,Jamie Luker,Craig Mann,Goh Nakamura,Sandra Park,Tim Rodier,Gerald White
Script and Continuity Department	Jeff Brannon,Shari L. Carpenter,Mary A. Kelly,Ingrid Urich-Sass
Transportation Department	David Conelli,Carmen E. Costa,Nui Em-Eam,Ambika Fairfield,Mo Fitzgerald,Brent Godek,Russ J. Griffin,Tan Kaewlai,David Kruk,Billy McFadden,Richard Presutti Jr.,Nitad Lek Srisomsap,Doug Wright,Frank Bonsangue,John Detroit White
Additional Crew	Kimi Armstrong Stein,Amal Baggar,Garrett Basch,Jackie Bazan,Deborah Becker,Lola Belsito,Mirashyam Blakeslee,Antonio Bonilla,Jared Cauliffe,Audrey Chon,Darin Collins,Katherine DeJesus,Judy Dickerson,Fab 5 Freddy,Nicole E. Ferrari,Daniel Fine,Gil Freston,Dan Gates,Oorlagh George,Samuel Glen,Michelle Ebony Hardy,Rob Harris,Susan Humphrey,Kate Johnson,Timothy S. Kane,Matt Lake,Nicole Linares,Kirstin Liu,Faya Madrid,Natascha Maksimovic,Luke Marion,Theresa Marsh,Jacob Mathis,Elizabeth Maxwell,Michael Maxwell,Victoria Brown McCready,Carlos Medeiros,Bruno Michels,Jennie Myers,Mario Nila,Nancy A. Pavia,Rita Pearson,Monica Perez Gelbman,Tom Pestonji,Patrick Tendai Pfupajena,Mike Phillips,Jeremy D. Pratt,Fabrizio Pucci,Maresa Pullman,Hakim Quest,Angela Quiles,Bill Richards,Olimpia T. Rinaldi,Wilson Rivas,Lance Rizzo,Jennifer Roberts,Keith Rodger,Chris Rodriguez,Jamie Schulari,Clint Scott,Jordan Sheehan,Neville Shulman,George Sims,Darryl A. Smith,Nitad Lek Srisomsap,Lora Marie Taylor,Thomas Tobin,Jamie Vermilye,Matthew J. Vince,Ricky R. Weaver,Heather Weeks,Goi Wongwatawat,Dudley Arbaugh,Frances Damian Arpaia,Megan Asbee,Katie Bassham,Greg Bator,De andre Beard,Lola Belsito,Alexander Bergman,Craig Bilsky,Nick Bommer,Travis Burdick,Myo Campbell,Neil Carter,Cindy Carvalho,Andrew Cavagnet,Rich Cohen,Nicole Cotton,Scott Dillin,Uzoma Emukah,Francisco Escobar,McCord Fitzsimmons,Sky Gewant,Gale Hansen,Jonathan Hoeg,Nick Houy,Pino Insegno,Molly Irwin,Phyllis Johnson,Russ Klein,William Laviano,Christopher J. Leone,Phillip Leung,Michael C. Lizzio,Michael Lloyd,J.D. Marlow,Terry McAllister,Kerri McDermott,Timothy McGroarty,Ademola McMullen,Alex Mechanik,J.C. Mendoza,Bradley Miles,Heidi Brook Myers,Kate Newbold,Heather Holty Newton,Anil Patadé,Melanie Patterson,Matthew Perkins,Wayne Petrucelli,Patricia Porter,Guillaume Renberg,Michael A. Rizzo,Steven Robbins,Peter Pamela Rose,Patricia Rybarczyk,Teddy Schenck,Daryl Sledge,Jeff Solano,Amy Teitter,Don Thai Theerathada,Rachel Townsend,Fernando Vallejo,Christopher Van Jura,Jason Viera,Denise Violante,Carolyn Erika Walter,Neil Winterlich,Jason Working,Anthony Wright,Garson Yu,Tasha Zamsky
Thanks	Muhammad Ali,Joe Frazier,Dan Griffin,George Kalinsky,LeRoy Neiman
Genres	Biography, Crime, Drama
Companies	Universal Pictures, Imagine Entertainment, Relativity Media
Countries	USA, UK
Languages	English, Thai, Spanish
ContentRating	R
ImDbRating	7.8
ImDbRatingVotes	424676
MetacriticRating	76
Keywords	new york city,police,mobster,mob boss,gangster